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[目的]探索适宜于南疆玉米茬地免耕播种冬小麦的表土处理技术。[方法]在新疆洛浦县玉米茬地免耕播种冬小麦试验中,设计“免耕直播”、“浅旋耕+免耕播种”和“翻耕+免耕播种”3种表土作业方式,通过测定土壤含水量、土壤容重、出苗率和小麦产量进行分析比较。[结果]免耕直播的表土作业方式基本适合南疆玉米茬地小麦播种,与传统翻耕播种方式相比较,免耕直播的土壤容重较大,但其小麦出苗率接近。小麦产量中,以免耕处理的较高,达6 000.99 kg/hm2,比旋耕处理的增产6.56%,其次是翻耕处理的,旋耕处理的最低。[结论]从河北省引进的“农哈哈”牌小麦免耕施肥播种机可在和田地区推广应用;现行的南疆玉米茬地经过配套栽培技术改进后更能适宜于冬小麦免耕播种。
[Objective] The research aimed to explore the suitable topsoil processing technology for no-tillage winter wheat in corn stubble field in southern Xinjiang. [Method] In the experiment of no-tillage winter wheat in maize stubble field in Luopu County, Xinjiang, “no tillage and direct sowing”, “shallow tillage + no tillage sowing” and “tillage + no tillage sowing” Topsoil operation mode, through the determination of soil moisture content, soil bulk density, emergence rate and wheat yield for analysis and comparison. [Result] The topsoil operation mode of no-tillage and direct seeding was basically suitable for the sowing of wheat in the southern corn stubble. Compared with the traditional tillage sowing method, the soil bulk density of no-tillage and direct seeding was larger, but the emergence rate of the wheat was similar. Among the wheat yield, no-tillage treatment was 6 000.99 kg / hm2, which was 6.56% more than rotary tillage treatment, followed by tillage treatment and lowest tillage treatment. [Conclusion] The “Nonghaha” brand wheat no-tillage and fertilizing seeder introduced from Hebei Province could be popularized and applied in the Hetian area. The current improved corn stubble in South Xinjiang was more suitable for no-tillage winter wheat after sowing.