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本研究通过调查《现代汉语词典》和《新牛津英语词典》中对常用具体名词和抽象名词的定义,对比分析了英、汉语中对这两类名词的定义模式。通过分析,我们发现同一语言的人对抽象和具体名词的定义模式是一致的,即都使用属加种差再加功能的定义模式,但是存在着使用数量上的显著差异;不同语言的人对同一类型名词下定义的模式是一致的,在使用的属、种差、功能数量上的差异不显著;英、汉两部词典中对应的一对词之间的语义在内涵上存在着细微差异,这表明文化影响了人们对同一所指的定义。
This research compares the definitions of common nouns and abstract nouns in Modern Chinese Dictionary and New Oxford English Dictionary, and compares the definitions of these two kinds of nouns in English and Chinese. Through analysis, we found that people in the same language are consistent with the definition mode of abstraction and concrete nouns, that is, they all use the definition mode of adding abilities and adding functions, but there are significant differences in usage; people in different languages The patterns defined under the same type of nouns are consistent, with no significant difference in the number of genera, species, and function used. The semantics of the corresponding pairs of words in the English and Chinese dictionaries are slightly different in meaning , Suggesting that culture has influenced people’s definition of the same thing.