二氧化钍在1930～1945年曾广泛用于肝脾和血管造影。当时就曾怀疑此药用于临床是否安全,因为钍是一放射性重金属,一旦注入人体,不易排除。1945年以后,不断有二氧化钍晚期反应的报道。此后,此药就禁止在临床使用。静脉注射二氧化钍后,大部为网状内皮系统所吸收。Looney发现钍几乎全部停留在肝、脾和骨髓。氏在2个病人中测量了注入二氧化钍后的 Erbium dioxide was widely used in liver and spleen and angiography from 1930 to 1945. At that time, it was suspected that the drug was clinically safe because it was a radioactive heavy metal that was not easily removed once it was injected into the body. After 1945, there have been reports of late reaction of ceria. Since then, the drug has been banned from clinical use. After intravenous administration of thorium dioxide, most of it was absorbed by the reticuloendothelial system. Looney found that the sputum stayed almost entirely in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. Shi measured in 2 patients after injecting ceria