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摘 要：高中英语任务型阅读活动课堂教学模式要求学生“快速阅读，抓有效信息，区分同类事物的不同特点，以及灵活的语言表达方式。” 该模式以学习任务为主线，学生活动为主体，教师调控、帮助为辅进行互动式阅读交际教学，其课堂结构具有动态性、灵活性、操作性等特征。任务型阅读教学强调了对学生语言运用能力的培养，注重培养学生获取知识的能力，有利于学生创新精神和实践能力的提高。本文笔者着重阐述了对学生在任务型阅读训练的教学实践和体会。
关键词：高中英语； 任务型阅读教学； 模式建构； 技巧训练
Strengthening establishing an English teaching style of senior high schools
——And discussing on to which extent English teachers care about task reading
Gu Ming-jing
Abstract： Flexible class teaching style require students to read texts quickly， catch useful information， distinguish between similar things and use flexible expressing styles
Keywords： senior high school English； task reading teaching style； style constructing； skill training
任务型教学（Task-Based Learning）是从交际语言教学发展而来的一种教学法。它作为一个教学新理念，把语言应用的基本理念转化为具有实践意义的课堂教学模式。任务型教学活动充分体现了以学生为中心和以人的发展为本的教育理念。培养学生与人共处的合作精神和参与意识，还可以让学生在完成任务的过程中体验成功的喜悦，实现自我价值。
近几年江苏省高考题中出现的新题型就是任务型阅读，本文就高中英语教师对任务型阅读题型的关注度进行深入的研究，分析和归纳了任务型阅读题的特点和解题策略，结合实践利用任务型教学，强化对学生阅读训练，教给学生方法，以求提高学生成绩。
一、任务型阅读题特点
任务型阅读是短文加结构图表或方框图表。要求学生根据一篇短文所提供的信息用恰当的单词或词语完成与短文相关的表格，每空一词或有限的几个单词。利用十分钟左右的时间，考查学生对文中有效信息进行二次加工，归纳要点、整合零散信息，并根据表格的形式把加工后的信息准确、有序地表达出来。
二、英语短文解题技巧
1.阅读方式总结
⑴略读。 粗略地阅读语言材料的面式读法。通过略读获取阅读材料的主要内容和大意。快速阅读时，训练学生略读文章标题判断预测主要内容。略读首尾段、首尾句了解文章大意。
⑵跳读。 带着明确目的寻找特定信息，忽略无关内容的点式阅读。跳读适用于细节检索式问题。SEFC阅读课前的问题常可以用来训练跳读技巧。
如：Look Carefully and Learn （SB1A L6）
How did the students feel after they tasted the mixture？
首先归纳出问题的要点： How， students ，feel，
然后要求学生目光蛇形下移在规定的时间内在文章中检索出答案：
Instead of smiling， each of them made a face. The mixture tasted terrible.
⑶组读。 以意群为单位，一组一组视读。边读边理解。减少眼停次数，缩短“眼脑直映”时间。
⑷复查。通观全篇文章，务必再仔细核对文章和任务，确保准确性。
⑸记忆。加强记忆能力的训练，熟记文中的重要事实，情节是提高阅读理解速度的重要手段。
2.巧妙绕开生词
⑴英语文章中不是所有的词的功能都是同等的，有些词担负着传达主要信息的功能，而有些词主要起语法作用或者它所传达的信息和下文的其他信息没有联系。这类词有：表示人名，地名，机构名等专有名词。遇到这些词，只要我们能辨认出它是专有名词，就能理解文章而不必知道它的意思。比如在下面的句子中：
"In fact"， says David Dinges， a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine， "there's even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep." 两个引号之间的部分就不必去管它。类似的还有："We have to totally change our attitude toward napping，" says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University，the godfather of sleep research.
⑵我们不用弄清上面某些部分的原因是，它们的后面往往有一个同位语来解释说明它们的意思。这就引起了我们不用弄懂所有单词意思的第二个理由。也就是说如果我们对文章中的某一个单词不熟悉，我们还可以根据统一篇文章中的其他信息来帮助判断。这类信息有：同位语、下定义、解释、举例、同义词、反义词、上下义词以及标点符号（如破折号、冒号都表示解释和说明）等。
三、课课关注强化训练 作为一名高中英语老师，每一堂课都要根据学生的不同水平设计出不同的任务，让学生通过与学习伙伴合作去完成任务，从而最大限度地调动和发挥学生的内在潜力，提高其发现问题和解决问题的能力，并发展其认知策略。
课堂训练中教师的取材篇幅适中，难度适中，生词较少。可以选择了体育类、电影类、时尚健康类等种种类型激发学生的兴趣。字数都在一两百字左右，除一篇任务型阅读外，学生基本都能在三五分钟内完成阅读。篇幅不长不短，难度不高不低，内容新颖、丰富，文中的障碍即生词不能太多，这样的文章是学生们最欢迎的，也最能激发他们的阅读兴趣和阅读欲望。而在阅读教学中，只有调动其学生潜在的主观能动性，才能引导他们进行有效地阅读，因此达到其扩大词汇量，丰富语言知识，开阔视野，开拓思路的目的，从而使他们能进一步的了解英、美等国的文化背景、生活习俗、思维习惯和英语的一些惯用语所使用的特殊背景，从根本上提高他们的阅读理解能力和英语运用能力，避免使英语语言学习陷入死记硬背、枯燥乏味的泥潭。例如我曾经使用的一篇任务型阅读文章如下：
—— In 1970， he landed a small role in a film titled “Hercules in New York”. But it would be the critically acclaimed 1977 film “Pumping Iron” that really captured his engaging， natural presence in front of the camera. The feature-length documentary about the “Mr. Olympia” competitions would ironically allow him to put his own “Mr. Universe” moniker aside and pursue acting full-time. Aronld’s first big success as a movie actor came as the title roll in 1982’s “Conan the Barbarian”. He would go on to become a big box office star and action-hero in such movies as “ The Terminator”， “ Predator”， “ Total Recall”， and “True Lies”.
A. Barry Levinson’s Rain Man was so seminal a film that its character’s nickname and dialogue have entered the vernacular – we’ve all said “Kmart sucks” and “I’m an excellent driver” once or twice， right？ Beneath the film’s gentle odd-couple comedy and astonishingly affecting performance by Dustin Hoffman as the autistic savant Raymond Babbitt， however， is a sharp drama about emotionality， frustration， and the capacity we all have for surprising ourselves by changing.
B. James Cameron has directed some fantastic action movies during his career（ Aliens， the first two Terminator movies， The Abyss， Titanic—that boat action was like totally awesome！！）， but none were as funny as True Lies is. Arnold Schwarzenegger （Terminator， Eraser， the Governor of California） is Harry Tasker， a computer programming father by day， James Bond by night， working for a top secret government agency that is beyond the CIA and run by Charlton Heston.
此篇文章内容新颖，关于电影和明星的内容极易引起学生的学习兴趣与阅读的愿望。除此之外，课堂中阅读材料的体材和题材都是丰富多样的，如：
One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant， “I want to buy some spiders and mice.” “What do you need these things for？” the shop assistant was very surprised. “Well，” replied the man， “ I’m moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”
Q： The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the house， it was______. A. very clean
B. just cleaned by the landlord
C. tidy and comfortable
D. dirty and full of insects
阅读材料的选择要博闻广见，名人轶事，历史传说，民间故事，幽默故事，生活琐事，哲理小文，新闻报道，政治史地等科普文章，多多益善，力求形式灵活多样，使学生耳目一新，乐此不疲。
再比如2010年苏州五市三区联考任务型阅读题：
Time talks. It speaks more plainly than words. Time communicates in many ways.
In social life ， time plays a very important part. In the United States ， gueists tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date . But this is perhaps not true in some other countries . There it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten.
The meanings of time differ in different parts of the world . Thus， misunderstandings arise between people from cultures that·treat time differently. Promptness is valued highly in American life. For example ， no one would think of keeping a business associate waiting for an hour. It would be too impolite .When equals（同辈） meet， a person who is five minutes late is expected to make a short apology . If he is less than five minutes late ， he will not complete the sentence.
In the western world ， particularly in the United States， people tend to think of time as something fixed in nature， something from which one cannot escape . As a rule， Americans think of time as a road stretching into the future ， along which one progresses . The road has many sections which are to be kept separate ----“ one thing at a time ” . people who cannot plan events are not highly regarded . The American idea of the future is limited ， however .It is the foreseeable future ， not the future of the South Asian ， which may involve centuries . Someone has said of the South Asian idea of time ， “Time is like a museum with endless halls and rooms . You ， the viewer ， are walking through the museum in the dark ， holding a light to each scene as you pass it . God is in charge of the museum ， and only he knows all that is in it . One lifetime represents one room .”
Since time has such different meanings in different cultures ， communication is often difficult . We will understand each other a little better if we can keep this fact in mind .
Time
Different
places In the USA In other places
（1）___ South Asia
Different
（2）___
of time · It is impolite that one is （3）___ of an appointment only
Three days earlier .
· Future is （4）___ and foreseeable . · It is considered foolish that you plan an appointment too （5）____ .
· Future is far away and may involve a very long period of time .
Attitudes
Toward time ·Time is like a road stretching into the future . People should do
One thing at a time .
·People are in charge of time by
（6）____events reasonably . ·Time is like a museum with endless halls and rooms . One lifetime （7）____ one room .
·God takes charge of time .
（8）____ ·It’s impossible to keep a business associate waiting for an
hour .
·A person who is five minutes late will （9）____ to the other briefly
Conclusion It’s difficult to communicate （10）______understanding the different meanings of time in different cultures .
任务型英语阅读教学训练的模式以学习任务为主线，学生活动为主体，教师调控、帮助为辅进行互动式阅读交际教学，其课堂结构具有动态性、灵活性、操作性等特征。任务型阅读教学强调了对学生语言运用能力的培养，注重培养学生获取知识的能力，有利于学生创新精神和实践能力的提高。
参考文献
[1] 佘广安.任务型教学：定位与思考.[J].中小学外语教学，2002.6
[2] 教育部.英语课程标准（实验稿）[S].北京：人民教育出版社，2003
[3] 外语教学与研究.外语教学与研究出版社，2005.2
______________
收稿日期：2014-09-27
关键词：高中英语； 任务型阅读教学； 模式建构； 技巧训练
Strengthening establishing an English teaching style of senior high schools
——And discussing on to which extent English teachers care about task reading
Gu Ming-jing
Abstract： Flexible class teaching style require students to read texts quickly， catch useful information， distinguish between similar things and use flexible expressing styles
Keywords： senior high school English； task reading teaching style； style constructing； skill training
任务型教学（Task-Based Learning）是从交际语言教学发展而来的一种教学法。它作为一个教学新理念，把语言应用的基本理念转化为具有实践意义的课堂教学模式。任务型教学活动充分体现了以学生为中心和以人的发展为本的教育理念。培养学生与人共处的合作精神和参与意识，还可以让学生在完成任务的过程中体验成功的喜悦，实现自我价值。
近几年江苏省高考题中出现的新题型就是任务型阅读，本文就高中英语教师对任务型阅读题型的关注度进行深入的研究，分析和归纳了任务型阅读题的特点和解题策略，结合实践利用任务型教学，强化对学生阅读训练，教给学生方法，以求提高学生成绩。
一、任务型阅读题特点
任务型阅读是短文加结构图表或方框图表。要求学生根据一篇短文所提供的信息用恰当的单词或词语完成与短文相关的表格，每空一词或有限的几个单词。利用十分钟左右的时间，考查学生对文中有效信息进行二次加工，归纳要点、整合零散信息，并根据表格的形式把加工后的信息准确、有序地表达出来。
二、英语短文解题技巧
1.阅读方式总结
⑴略读。 粗略地阅读语言材料的面式读法。通过略读获取阅读材料的主要内容和大意。快速阅读时，训练学生略读文章标题判断预测主要内容。略读首尾段、首尾句了解文章大意。
⑵跳读。 带着明确目的寻找特定信息，忽略无关内容的点式阅读。跳读适用于细节检索式问题。SEFC阅读课前的问题常可以用来训练跳读技巧。
如：Look Carefully and Learn （SB1A L6）
How did the students feel after they tasted the mixture？
首先归纳出问题的要点： How， students ，feel，
然后要求学生目光蛇形下移在规定的时间内在文章中检索出答案：
Instead of smiling， each of them made a face. The mixture tasted terrible.
⑶组读。 以意群为单位，一组一组视读。边读边理解。减少眼停次数，缩短“眼脑直映”时间。
⑷复查。通观全篇文章，务必再仔细核对文章和任务，确保准确性。
⑸记忆。加强记忆能力的训练，熟记文中的重要事实，情节是提高阅读理解速度的重要手段。
2.巧妙绕开生词
⑴英语文章中不是所有的词的功能都是同等的，有些词担负着传达主要信息的功能，而有些词主要起语法作用或者它所传达的信息和下文的其他信息没有联系。这类词有：表示人名，地名，机构名等专有名词。遇到这些词，只要我们能辨认出它是专有名词，就能理解文章而不必知道它的意思。比如在下面的句子中：
"In fact"， says David Dinges， a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine， "there's even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep." 两个引号之间的部分就不必去管它。类似的还有："We have to totally change our attitude toward napping，" says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University，the godfather of sleep research.
⑵我们不用弄清上面某些部分的原因是，它们的后面往往有一个同位语来解释说明它们的意思。这就引起了我们不用弄懂所有单词意思的第二个理由。也就是说如果我们对文章中的某一个单词不熟悉，我们还可以根据统一篇文章中的其他信息来帮助判断。这类信息有：同位语、下定义、解释、举例、同义词、反义词、上下义词以及标点符号（如破折号、冒号都表示解释和说明）等。
三、课课关注强化训练 作为一名高中英语老师，每一堂课都要根据学生的不同水平设计出不同的任务，让学生通过与学习伙伴合作去完成任务，从而最大限度地调动和发挥学生的内在潜力，提高其发现问题和解决问题的能力，并发展其认知策略。
课堂训练中教师的取材篇幅适中，难度适中，生词较少。可以选择了体育类、电影类、时尚健康类等种种类型激发学生的兴趣。字数都在一两百字左右，除一篇任务型阅读外，学生基本都能在三五分钟内完成阅读。篇幅不长不短，难度不高不低，内容新颖、丰富，文中的障碍即生词不能太多，这样的文章是学生们最欢迎的，也最能激发他们的阅读兴趣和阅读欲望。而在阅读教学中，只有调动其学生潜在的主观能动性，才能引导他们进行有效地阅读，因此达到其扩大词汇量，丰富语言知识，开阔视野，开拓思路的目的，从而使他们能进一步的了解英、美等国的文化背景、生活习俗、思维习惯和英语的一些惯用语所使用的特殊背景，从根本上提高他们的阅读理解能力和英语运用能力，避免使英语语言学习陷入死记硬背、枯燥乏味的泥潭。例如我曾经使用的一篇任务型阅读文章如下：
—— In 1970， he landed a small role in a film titled “Hercules in New York”. But it would be the critically acclaimed 1977 film “Pumping Iron” that really captured his engaging， natural presence in front of the camera. The feature-length documentary about the “Mr. Olympia” competitions would ironically allow him to put his own “Mr. Universe” moniker aside and pursue acting full-time. Aronld’s first big success as a movie actor came as the title roll in 1982’s “Conan the Barbarian”. He would go on to become a big box office star and action-hero in such movies as “ The Terminator”， “ Predator”， “ Total Recall”， and “True Lies”.
A. Barry Levinson’s Rain Man was so seminal a film that its character’s nickname and dialogue have entered the vernacular – we’ve all said “Kmart sucks” and “I’m an excellent driver” once or twice， right？ Beneath the film’s gentle odd-couple comedy and astonishingly affecting performance by Dustin Hoffman as the autistic savant Raymond Babbitt， however， is a sharp drama about emotionality， frustration， and the capacity we all have for surprising ourselves by changing.
B. James Cameron has directed some fantastic action movies during his career（ Aliens， the first two Terminator movies， The Abyss， Titanic—that boat action was like totally awesome！！）， but none were as funny as True Lies is. Arnold Schwarzenegger （Terminator， Eraser， the Governor of California） is Harry Tasker， a computer programming father by day， James Bond by night， working for a top secret government agency that is beyond the CIA and run by Charlton Heston.
此篇文章内容新颖，关于电影和明星的内容极易引起学生的学习兴趣与阅读的愿望。除此之外，课堂中阅读材料的体材和题材都是丰富多样的，如：
One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant， “I want to buy some spiders and mice.” “What do you need these things for？” the shop assistant was very surprised. “Well，” replied the man， “ I’m moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”
Q： The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the house， it was______. A. very clean
B. just cleaned by the landlord
C. tidy and comfortable
D. dirty and full of insects
阅读材料的选择要博闻广见，名人轶事，历史传说，民间故事，幽默故事，生活琐事，哲理小文，新闻报道，政治史地等科普文章，多多益善，力求形式灵活多样，使学生耳目一新，乐此不疲。
再比如2010年苏州五市三区联考任务型阅读题：
Time talks. It speaks more plainly than words. Time communicates in many ways.
In social life ， time plays a very important part. In the United States ， gueists tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date . But this is perhaps not true in some other countries . There it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten.
The meanings of time differ in different parts of the world . Thus， misunderstandings arise between people from cultures that·treat time differently. Promptness is valued highly in American life. For example ， no one would think of keeping a business associate waiting for an hour. It would be too impolite .When equals（同辈） meet， a person who is five minutes late is expected to make a short apology . If he is less than five minutes late ， he will not complete the sentence.
In the western world ， particularly in the United States， people tend to think of time as something fixed in nature， something from which one cannot escape . As a rule， Americans think of time as a road stretching into the future ， along which one progresses . The road has many sections which are to be kept separate ----“ one thing at a time ” . people who cannot plan events are not highly regarded . The American idea of the future is limited ， however .It is the foreseeable future ， not the future of the South Asian ， which may involve centuries . Someone has said of the South Asian idea of time ， “Time is like a museum with endless halls and rooms . You ， the viewer ， are walking through the museum in the dark ， holding a light to each scene as you pass it . God is in charge of the museum ， and only he knows all that is in it . One lifetime represents one room .”
Since time has such different meanings in different cultures ， communication is often difficult . We will understand each other a little better if we can keep this fact in mind .
Time
Different
places In the USA In other places
（1）___ South Asia
Different
（2）___
of time · It is impolite that one is （3）___ of an appointment only
Three days earlier .
· Future is （4）___ and foreseeable . · It is considered foolish that you plan an appointment too （5）____ .
· Future is far away and may involve a very long period of time .
Attitudes
Toward time ·Time is like a road stretching into the future . People should do
One thing at a time .
·People are in charge of time by
（6）____events reasonably . ·Time is like a museum with endless halls and rooms . One lifetime （7）____ one room .
·God takes charge of time .
（8）____ ·It’s impossible to keep a business associate waiting for an
hour .
·A person who is five minutes late will （9）____ to the other briefly
Conclusion It’s difficult to communicate （10）______understanding the different meanings of time in different cultures .
任务型英语阅读教学训练的模式以学习任务为主线，学生活动为主体，教师调控、帮助为辅进行互动式阅读交际教学，其课堂结构具有动态性、灵活性、操作性等特征。任务型阅读教学强调了对学生语言运用能力的培养，注重培养学生获取知识的能力，有利于学生创新精神和实践能力的提高。
参考文献
[1] 佘广安.任务型教学：定位与思考.[J].中小学外语教学，2002.6
[2] 教育部.英语课程标准（实验稿）[S].北京：人民教育出版社，2003
[3] 外语教学与研究.外语教学与研究出版社，2005.2
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收稿日期：2014-09-27