论文部分内容阅读
美国发展早期,联邦政府的权力有限,财政能力薄弱,行政体系尚未健全,随着铁路时代的到来,“地方行动主义”、“联邦主导”和“市场主导、政府监管”展开了博弈和转换,政府通过直接拨款、土地赠予、担保贷款、购买债券等多种方式资助铁路企业的发展,导致各种产业政策都发出反对声音,无法避免贪腐。然而,从时空经济层面来看,美国政府始终可以通过适时的产业政策“有能力不因时间延误造成过大损失,也有能力及时把握可使己方获利的时机”。铁路的发展,节约了运输的时间成本,压缩了空间距离,助力美国早日实现了工业化、城镇化和信息化,为综合国力的壮大奠定了基础。
In the early days of the United States, the federal government had limited power and weak fiscal capacity, and the administrative system was not yet complete. With the advent of the railway era, “local activism”, “federal domination” and “market domination” Gaming and conversion started. The government subsidized the development of railway enterprises in various ways, including direct grants, land grants, secured loans and bond purchases. As a result, all kinds of industrial policies were opposed and corrupt. However, from a spatiotemporal economic point of view, the U.S. government has always been able to adopt timely industrial policies “capable of not causing excessive losses due to time delays and the ability to grasp in good time the opportunities that can be gained by one another.” The development of the railway has saved the time and cost of transportation and compressed the space distance, and helped the United States to realize industrialization, urbanization and informationization at an early date, laying the foundation for the growth of comprehensive national strength.