一、拓跋鲜卑的起源与南迁 秦汉之际,匈奴的势力日益强盛,开始对东胡部落联盟发动大规模战争,征服了东胡部落联盟。剩下的东胡人便分聚于乌桓、鲜卑两部。“鲜卑自为冒顿单于所破,远窜辽东塞外,不与余国争衡,未有名通于汉,而自于乌丸(桓)相接。”所以在文献上一直未见其和西汉发生什么关系,所以关于鲜卑的活动,东汉时才见于史籍。汉文史籍所叙述的鲜卑都是从鲜卑迁徙到饶乐水(西拉木伦河)流域开始的。 那么鲜卑迁到饶乐水前居住在何地呢?史称鲜卑以山为号,然鲜卑山却有两个,《后汉书·乌桓鲜卑列传》云:“鲜卑者,亦东胡之支也”,别依鲜卑山,故因号焉。鲜卑山在今内蒙古自治区哲里木盟科尔沁左翼中旗。张穆《蒙古游牧记》说:“旗西三十里有鲜卑山”。这里的鲜卑山乃是人们所说的东部鲜卑。然鲜卑依地理位置分为东部鲜卑与西部鲜卑(北部 First, the origin of Tuoba Xianbei and the relocation of the Qin and Han Dynasties, the forces of the Huns increasingly powerful, began a large-scale war on the tribe of East Hu tribe, conquered the tribe of East Hu Union. The rest of East Lake will be divided into Wuhuan, Xianbei two. Xianbei since the failure of a single failure to break, Liaosong plug, do not compete with the rest of the country, not known in the Han, but from Karasuma (Huan) phase. “So in the literature has not seen its What happened in the Western Han Dynasty, so activities on the Xianbei, only seen in the Eastern Han Dynasty historical records. Xianbei, which is described in Chinese historical books, started from Xianbei migrating to the Rao Shui River basin. So Xianbei moved to Rao Lok water before living where? Xianbei called the mountain for the number, but there are two Xianbei Hill, ”Post Han Wuhuan Xianbei Biography“: ”Xianbei who also support the East Hu also “, Do not depend on Xianbei Hill, so because Yan Yan. Xianbei Mountain in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Zheli League Horqin left wing flag. Zhang Mu ”nomad in Mongolia,“ said: ”Flag Xisi Xianbei." The Xianbei here is what people call the Eastern Xianbei. However Xianbei geographical location is divided into the eastern Xianbei and Western Xianbei (north