（１）协优５７穗部性状分析结果表明：穗长与穗粒数呈极显著正相关。１次枝梗数与２次枝粳数、２次枝梗结实率与穗结实率呈显著正相关；２次枝梗着粒密度与１次枝梗着粒密度都很稳定，变幅分别是１．２０６～１．２６７粒／ｃｍ与０．５４３～０．７４３粒／ｃｍ。（２）不同时期分蘖穗粒结构：秧田分蘖穗及主茎穗的穗粒数多、结实率高，大田低位蘖次之；大田高位蘖最少。与汕优６３相比：协优５７秧田分蘖穗、主茎穗、大田低位蘖次之；大田低位蘖穗的穗粒数、结实率相关不大，而大田高位蘖穗的穗粒数、结实率较高。结论：协优５７的每穗粒数多、结实率高是其高产的主要原因。 (1) The results of panicle traits analysis of Xieyou 57 showed that there was a significant positive correlation between ear length and grain number per spike. There was a significant positive correlation between the number of primary branches and the number of secondary branches, the number of secondary branchlets and the rate of spikelets per plant. The secondary branchlets and the primary branchlets had very stable kernel densities of 1 .206 ~ 1.267 grains / cm and 0.543 ~ 0.743 grains / cm. (2) The structure of tiller spike in different periods: tillering spike and main stem spike of seedling had more spikes, higher seed setting rate, lower tillering in field and less high tiller in field. Compared with Shanyou 63, Xieyou 57 had the same number of tillers, main stems and lower tillers in Xieyou 57; Higher rate. Conclusion: Xieyou 57 has more grains per spike and high seed setting rate, which is the main reason for its high yield.