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在英语中作谓语的动词用来表示动作（情况）发生时间的各种形式被称为时态。但是汉语中却没有时态的概念，因此，同学们往往缺少时态意识，解题时盲目使用，从而错误百出。纵观历年高考英语试题，句子的时态一直是考查的重点。命题人往往利用多种形式和手段来考查我们对句子时态和语态的掌握和综合处理能力。另外，具备了良好的时态意识，对于动词非谓语形式的各种具体形式的掌握、运用也是极有帮助的。我想从以下两个方面来帮助学生巧学时态、准确地判断时态。
一、牢固掌握英语的八种基本时态。
英语中有十六种时态，让大家看得眼花缭乱。然而，我们只要真正掌握了它的八种基本时态，融会贯通，就能做
到熟能生巧，不再惧怕此类考题。我曾经提问过学生英语语法中有哪八种基本时态，学生有的答不满八种；有的超过八种，不过没有包括这基本的八种。但他们的共同点是，没有按一定的顺序说出。也就是说，学生头脑中时态知识是杂乱无章、残缺不全的。其实，这八种时态是成对出现的，即：一般现在时、一般过去时；一般将来时、过去将来时；现在进行时、过去进行时；现在完成时、过去完成时。把上述八种时态的含义（用法）、构成搞清后，那么其余的时态，比如将来完成时，现在完成进行时等的含义、构成就不会太难了。而要掌握这八种基本时态，首先要重点弄懂其中的四种现在时态。
（一）一般现在时主要用于：
1.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。
e.g. It seldom snows here.
2.表示现在的特征或状态。
e.g. He is always ready to help others.
3.表示普遍真理。
e.g. Action speaks louder than words.
与这种时态连用的时间状语常有： always, often, never, seldom, usually, once, a week, now 等。
（二）现在完成时主要用于：
1.表示到现在为止这一时期中发生的动作或情况，即多次动作的总和。
e.g. We have learnt four English songs this month.
How many times have you read the novel?
For many days we haven’t seen each other.
2.表示对现在有影响的某一已发生的动作。
e.g. The delegation has left. 代表团已经走了（说明现在不在这里）
Look, what you have done. 看你干的事。
与这一时态连用的时间状语有：
already, yet, just, ever, never, by now, so far, recently, by the end of this month, since, for 短语，连词 since引导的时间状语从句。
（三）现在进行时主要用于：
1.表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。
e.g. Listen, someone is crying.
What are you doing these days?
2.代替一般现在时，表示经常性的动作或状态，而含有某种感情色彩。
e.g. How are you feeling today?
你今天感觉怎样？（显得亲切）
He is doing well in his lessons.
他的功课很好。（赞扬）
You are always boasting.
你老爱吹牛。（厌烦）
3.动词 go, come, leave, arrive 等表将要发生的动作时。
e.g. They are leaving for Shanghai.
与这种时态连用的时间状语常有： now, these days, recently, this week 等。
（四）一般将来时主要用于：
表示将要发生的动作或情况
e.g. Tom will have a bike of his own.
与这个时态连用的时间状语常用： tonight, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week, in three hours, two days later 等。
掌握了上述四种现在时态以后，我们就可以很容易地理解与其对应的一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时和过去将来时这四种过去时态。从而进一步学习、掌握由此而产生的其它八种时态。
二、注意比较以下几种时态：
（一）一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：
一般过去时：重在说明动作在过去发生时的具体情况（时间、地点、方式、对象、细节等）。
现在完成时：只提起已发生的动作（事实）及其影响，不说明动作发生时的具体情况。
eg.I have been to the Great Wall, and I went there last summer with my father.
（了解长城） （过去的时间）
（二）一般过去时与过去进行时的区别：
一般过去时：强调过去某一时间开始或完成的动作。
过去进行时：强调过去某一时间正在进行的动作。
试区别下面两句：
We were building a reservior last winter.
去年冬天我们在修建一座水库。（可能尚未建成）
We built a reservoir last winter.
去年冬天我们修建了一座水库。（已经建成）
（三）现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别：
现在完成进行时强调动作的不间断：
1) Someone has phoned you.(打了电话)
Someone has been phoning you.(一直在打电话)
2) Have you met her lately?
Have you been meeting her lately?(强调动作的重复,经常见面)
希望以上所述能对大家教学时态类题目时有所帮助。下面让我们来检验一下吧。
1. ——____you____ him around the museum yet? [2007 江苏卷]
——Yes. We had a great time there.
A. Have…shown B. Do… show C. Had… shown D. Did… show
2. He said that honesty ____ the key to success.
A. was B. will be C. is D. is being
3. At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement ____.[2007 江苏卷]
A. has been reached B. had been reached
C. has reached D. had reached
4. ——It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.（2007北京卷）
——Oh, don’t mention it. I ____ past your house anyway.
A. was coming B. will come C. had come D. have come
5. He ____ of how he could do more for the people.
A. will always think B. is always thinking
C. has always thought D. does always think
6. It won’t be long before we ____ the New Year’s Day.
A. will celebrate B. celebrated C. are celebrating D. celebrate
7. There will come a day when the people of the whole country ____ a happy life .
A. live B. will live C. will have lived D. are living
8. We ____ our seats till the party had begun.
A. hadn’t found B. didn’t find C. haven’t found D. wouldn’t find
9. The book ____ on the floor for ten minutes, but no one has picked it up.
A. is lying B. has lain C. has been lying D. lay
10. What ____ you____ this time tomorrow morning?
A. will, do B. have, been doing
C. are, doing D. will, be doing
Keys:1. A 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.B 8.B 9.C 10.D
一、牢固掌握英语的八种基本时态。
英语中有十六种时态，让大家看得眼花缭乱。然而，我们只要真正掌握了它的八种基本时态，融会贯通，就能做
到熟能生巧，不再惧怕此类考题。我曾经提问过学生英语语法中有哪八种基本时态，学生有的答不满八种；有的超过八种，不过没有包括这基本的八种。但他们的共同点是，没有按一定的顺序说出。也就是说，学生头脑中时态知识是杂乱无章、残缺不全的。其实，这八种时态是成对出现的，即：一般现在时、一般过去时；一般将来时、过去将来时；现在进行时、过去进行时；现在完成时、过去完成时。把上述八种时态的含义（用法）、构成搞清后，那么其余的时态，比如将来完成时，现在完成进行时等的含义、构成就不会太难了。而要掌握这八种基本时态，首先要重点弄懂其中的四种现在时态。
（一）一般现在时主要用于：
1.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。
e.g. It seldom snows here.
2.表示现在的特征或状态。
e.g. He is always ready to help others.
3.表示普遍真理。
e.g. Action speaks louder than words.
与这种时态连用的时间状语常有： always, often, never, seldom, usually, once, a week, now 等。
（二）现在完成时主要用于：
1.表示到现在为止这一时期中发生的动作或情况，即多次动作的总和。
e.g. We have learnt four English songs this month.
How many times have you read the novel?
For many days we haven’t seen each other.
2.表示对现在有影响的某一已发生的动作。
e.g. The delegation has left. 代表团已经走了（说明现在不在这里）
Look, what you have done. 看你干的事。
与这一时态连用的时间状语有：
already, yet, just, ever, never, by now, so far, recently, by the end of this month, since, for 短语，连词 since引导的时间状语从句。
（三）现在进行时主要用于：
1.表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。
e.g. Listen, someone is crying.
What are you doing these days?
2.代替一般现在时，表示经常性的动作或状态，而含有某种感情色彩。
e.g. How are you feeling today?
你今天感觉怎样？（显得亲切）
He is doing well in his lessons.
他的功课很好。（赞扬）
You are always boasting.
你老爱吹牛。（厌烦）
3.动词 go, come, leave, arrive 等表将要发生的动作时。
e.g. They are leaving for Shanghai.
与这种时态连用的时间状语常有： now, these days, recently, this week 等。
（四）一般将来时主要用于：
表示将要发生的动作或情况
e.g. Tom will have a bike of his own.
与这个时态连用的时间状语常用： tonight, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week, in three hours, two days later 等。
掌握了上述四种现在时态以后，我们就可以很容易地理解与其对应的一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时和过去将来时这四种过去时态。从而进一步学习、掌握由此而产生的其它八种时态。
二、注意比较以下几种时态：
（一）一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：
一般过去时：重在说明动作在过去发生时的具体情况（时间、地点、方式、对象、细节等）。
现在完成时：只提起已发生的动作（事实）及其影响，不说明动作发生时的具体情况。
eg.I have been to the Great Wall, and I went there last summer with my father.
（了解长城） （过去的时间）
（二）一般过去时与过去进行时的区别：
一般过去时：强调过去某一时间开始或完成的动作。
过去进行时：强调过去某一时间正在进行的动作。
试区别下面两句：
We were building a reservior last winter.
去年冬天我们在修建一座水库。（可能尚未建成）
We built a reservoir last winter.
去年冬天我们修建了一座水库。（已经建成）
（三）现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别：
现在完成进行时强调动作的不间断：
1) Someone has phoned you.(打了电话)
Someone has been phoning you.(一直在打电话)
2) Have you met her lately?
Have you been meeting her lately?(强调动作的重复,经常见面)
希望以上所述能对大家教学时态类题目时有所帮助。下面让我们来检验一下吧。
1. ——____you____ him around the museum yet? [2007 江苏卷]
——Yes. We had a great time there.
A. Have…shown B. Do… show C. Had… shown D. Did… show
2. He said that honesty ____ the key to success.
A. was B. will be C. is D. is being
3. At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement ____.[2007 江苏卷]
A. has been reached B. had been reached
C. has reached D. had reached
4. ——It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.（2007北京卷）
——Oh, don’t mention it. I ____ past your house anyway.
A. was coming B. will come C. had come D. have come
5. He ____ of how he could do more for the people.
A. will always think B. is always thinking
C. has always thought D. does always think
6. It won’t be long before we ____ the New Year’s Day.
A. will celebrate B. celebrated C. are celebrating D. celebrate
7. There will come a day when the people of the whole country ____ a happy life .
A. live B. will live C. will have lived D. are living
8. We ____ our seats till the party had begun.
A. hadn’t found B. didn’t find C. haven’t found D. wouldn’t find
9. The book ____ on the floor for ten minutes, but no one has picked it up.
A. is lying B. has lain C. has been lying D. lay
10. What ____ you____ this time tomorrow morning?
A. will, do B. have, been doing
C. are, doing D. will, be doing
Keys:1. A 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.B 8.B 9.C 10.D