本文基于下述理由对上鼓室的解剖及其周邻关系作精确的描述:①胆脂瘤常发生于上鼓室,手术需将其完全根除;②听骨因病变可固定而致传导性聋,手术可使固定之听骨链恢复活动;③中耳手术时力求保存上鼓室外壁,以利切除病灶后重建传音结构;④面神经鼓室段 This article is based on the following reasons on the anatomy of the tympanic and its adjacent relations for accurate description: ① cholesteatoma often occurs in the upper tympanic cavity, the operation needs to be completely eradicated; ② bone due to lesions can be fixed and lead to conductive deafness, Surgical removal of the fixed ossicular chain activity; â ’¢ middle ear surgery to preserve the outer wall of the tympanic cavity in order to facilitate the removal of the lesion reconstruction acoustic structure; â’ ¢ facial nerve tympanic segment