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亨利·詹姆斯在小说《螺丝在拧紧》中塑造的家庭教师是一个即神秘又复杂的形象,人们对她的争议聚焦在她的心理,尤其是其性心理是否正常。事实上,这位颇具悲剧色彩的家庭教师是特定心理和人格的牺牲品:一方面她是性心理的自我压迫者,另一方面她却以权威人格去压迫他者。极端的清教道德和偏执的权威诉求是她心理和人格不成熟的表现,并导致了她的“精神分裂”。她以清教戒律来树立女性行为和道德的端庄典范,维护女性的身体和意识的安全;她以顺从社会等级来维持阶级的区隔和“合法的”秩序。但是,事实上她不是正义的战士,而是偏执的迫害者;她最终的幻灭或者醒悟让她意识到Miles是以生命为代价帮助她走向心理和人格的成熟。
The tutor of Henry James in the novel “Tightening Screws” is a mysterious and complicated image. The controversy over her focuses on her psychology, especially whether her psychology is normal or not. In fact, this rather tragic tutor is a victim of a particular psychology and personality: on the one hand she is a psychopathic self-oppressor, on the other hand she oppress the other with authoritative personality. The extreme Puritan morality and the paranoid authority claim are manifestations of her psychological and personality immaturity and have led to her “schizophrenia.” She established the dignified model of female behavior and morality by puritanical precepts, and safeguarded the female body and consciousness. She maintained class separation and “lawful” order by obeying social hierarchy. But in fact she was not a just warrior, but a paranoid persecutor; her eventual disillusionment or awakening reminded her that Miles was helping her move toward psychological and personality maturity at the cost of her life.