载人航天工程的关键是保证航天员的安全、健康和工效。在载人航天的全任务剖面中,航天员系统以下三方面问题始终对飞行安全和任务的圆满完成有着重要的影响。一是航天员心理和生理对飞行环境的适应性以及航天员对飞船和任务有效载荷监控操作的能力、航天员对故障和应急工况的正确判断、处理的能力;二是飞船各飞行阶段和不同工况时舱内环境及其变化速率满足医学要求的控制和保障能力;三是飞船舱内需要航天员监视和操作的仪表及 The key to manned space project is to ensure the safety, health and work efficiency of astronauts. In the full-time mission profile of manned space missions, the following three aspects of the astronaut system have always had a major impact on the safety of the flight and the successful completion of the mission. First, astronaut psychology and physical adaptability to the flight environment and astronauts on the spacecraft and mission payload monitoring and control operations, astronauts on the fault and emergency conditions, the correct judgments, the ability to handle; the second is the spacecraft in each flight phase and Under different conditions when the cabin environment and its rate of change to meet the medical requirements of the control and support capabilities; Third, spacecraft cabin astronomical monitoring and operation of the instrument and