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【目的】观测江苏南京地区野生水生蔬菜茭儿菜种质资源(变种)的形态特征、生物学特性及生长发育环境条件,为南京地区茭儿菜人工驯化栽培及定名提供参考依据。【方法】以江苏南京地区搜集的野生茭儿菜种质资源(变种)为材料,开展小区栽培试验,观测其形态特征、生物学特性和生长发育环境条件,并进行命名。【结果】江苏南京地区茭儿菜是浅水植物,适宜生长水位5.0~35.0 cm。萌芽最低温度3~5℃,自开始正常生长至可采收期间最低和最高日均气温分别为12和26℃、水温为13和19℃。7月植株地上茎开始拔节生长,9~10节抽穗开花,可结实或不结实。食用部位为嫩茎,分白色和黄色两种,长20.0~30.0 cm,粗1.0 cm,单根重7.0~10.0 g。地上直立茎和地上茎为最佳繁殖材料,4~5月以基本苗数7株、种植密度33.0 cm×33.0 cm定植的小区当年平均产量(带壳)最高,为5595.0 kg/ha,以基本苗数5株、种植密度100.0 cm×100.0 cm定植的小区次年平均产量(带壳)最高,为3480.0 kg/ha。按照国际植物命名法将南京地区茭儿菜定名为菰属茭儿菜种Zizania regerminatio Zhi Long Qian et Hui Fen Li,其中白色变种定名为Z.regerminatio Z.L.Qian et H.F.Li var.lautus Zhi Long Qian et Hui Fen Li,黄色变种定名为Z.regerminatio Z.L.Qian et H.F.Li var.frugi Zhi Long Qian et Hui Fen Li,英文名称定名为Jiao er cai。【结论】江苏南京地区茭儿菜是浅水短日照植物,可作水生蔬菜、观赏植物及湿地植被等利用;定名为禾本科菰属茭儿菜种Z.regerminatio Zhi Long Qian et Hui Fen Li,英文名为Jiao er cai。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to observe the morphological characteristics, biological characteristics and growth and environmental conditions of wild aquatic vegetables Germplasm resources in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, and provide references for the artificial domestication and cultivation of wild Pleurotus ostreatus in Nanjing. 【Method】 The germplasm resources (variety) of Wild Germplasm collected from Nanjing, Jiangsu Province were used as material to carry out plots cultivation experiment. Morphological characteristics, biological characteristics and environmental conditions of growth and development were observed and named. 【Result】 Pleurotus ostreatus in Nanjing of Jiangsu Province was a shallow water plant suitable for growing water level of 5.0 ~ 35.0 cm. The minimum temperature of germination is 3 ~ 5 ℃. The minimum and maximum daily average temperature during the period from normal growth to harvesting are 12 and 26 ℃ respectively, and the water temperature is 13 and 19 ℃. July stalk stem shoot growth began to grow, 9 to 10 heading flowering, can be strong or not strong. Edible parts of the tender stem, divided into white and yellow two, length 20.0 ~ 30.0 cm, 1.0 cm thick, single root weight 7.0 ~ 10.0 g. The vertical stems and aboveground stems were the best propagation materials. From April to May, there were 7 basal seedlings and the planting density of 33.0 cm × 33.0 cm was the highest (5595.0 kg / ha) The average annual yield (shelled) of the plots with planting density of 100.0 cm × 100.0 cm was the highest, 3480.0 kg / ha. In accordance with the International Plant Name Act, Chinese cabbage in Nanjing was named Zizania regerminatio Zhi Long Qian et Hui Fen Li, among which the white variety was named Z.regerminatio ZLQian et HFLi var.lautus Zhi Long Qian et Hui Fen Li, the yellow variant named Z.regerminatio ZLQian et HFLi var.frugi Zhi Long Qian et Hui Fen Li, the English name is Jiao er cai. 【Conclusion】 Rhus macrophylla in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, is a shallow-water short-day plant that can be used for aquatic vegetables, ornamental plants and wetland vegetation. It is named as Z.regerminatio Zhi Long Qian et Hui Fen Li in English. Named Jiao er cai.