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最近出现了关于大企业和小企业有关作用和重要性的热烈争论。在本世纪的大半部分时间里流行一种观点,认为小企业在经济中不起重要作用,将来它们的作用会缩小。这种看法在大企业甚至是巨型企业支配整个二十世纪西方经济的制造业部门尤为突出。政府的政策一国接着一国地均有利于大的生产单位和所有权机制。在自由市场经济中和在计划经济中一样,还有在发达国家和发展中国家,均追求这些目标。正如约翰·肯尼斯·加尔布雷斯指出的那样,有充分理由可以相信,大企业实际上在经济成就的各个方面(生产能力、技术进步、工作保障和报酬)都比小企业优越。
There has recently been a heated debate about the role and importance of large companies and small businesses. In the majority of this century, a point of view prevailed that small businesses do not play an important role in the economy and that their role will diminish in the future. This view is particularly prominent in the manufacturing sector where large companies and even giant companies dominate the entire 20th century Western economy. The government’s policy that a country, then a country, is conducive to a large production unit and ownership mechanism. In the free market economy, as in the planned economy, there are also the pursuit of these goals in both developed and developing countries. As John Kenneth Galbraith pointed out, there are good reasons to believe that large companies are actually better than small businesses in all aspects of economic achievement (production capacity, technological progress, job security, and compensation).