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能量转化和守恒定律是十分重要的定律,其内容为:能量既不能凭空产生,也不能凭空消失,它只能从一种形式转化为别的形式,或者从一个物体转移到别的物体。在中学阶段涉及到这几种形式的能量:机械能(动能E_k=(1/2)mυ~2,重力势能E_p=mgh,弹性势能)、内能、电能、光能、原子能以及化学能等。守恒定律告诉我们,在一定条件下它们可以相互转化,但总的能量保持不变。如果我们能分析具体情况下有哪几种能量参与转化,就可以根据能量守恒来解决问题,这样既能掌握物理现象中的本质,又能简化问题,特别是某些变力作
The law of energy conversion and conservation is a very important law. Its content is: Energy can neither be produced out of thin air, nor can it disappear out of thin air. It can only be transformed from one form to another, or from one object to another. In the middle school stage, these types of energy are involved: mechanical energy (kinetic energy E_k=(1/2)mυ~2, gravitational potential energy E_p=mgh, elastic potential energy), internal energy, electric energy, light energy, atomic energy, and chemical energy. The law of conservation tells us that under certain conditions they can transform each other, but the total energy remains unchanged. If we can analyze which kinds of energy are involved in transformation under specific conditions, we can solve the problem based on the conservation of energy, so that we can not only grasp the essence of physical phenomena, but also simplify the problem, especially some inflexible forces.