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机能动词这个词来源于德语的Funktionsverb。这种动词在许多种语言中都可以看到。日本语言学界对机能动词的研究始于七十年代初期。岩崎英二郎先生在1974年发表了《语日本语机能动词》的论文。村木新次郎教授先后发表了《日本语机能动词表现》(1980年)、《外来语机能动词》(1982年)和《惯用句·机能动词结合·自由语结台》(1985年)的论文。森山卓郎先生在《日本语动词述语文研究》(1988年)一书中,对机能动词也有提及。而村木新次郎教授于1991年出版的《日本语动词诸相》一书,对机能动词作了比较全面、系统的论述。笔者认为他的观点具有一定的代表性,现将村木新次郎教授有关机能动词的论述简要介绍如下:
The word functional verb comes from the German Funktionsverb. This verb can be seen in many languages. The study of functional verbs in Japanese linguistics began in the early 1970s. In 1974, Mr. Iwasaki Izuzaki published a paper on “Language in Japanese.” Prof. Murakami Shinjiro has published the thesis “Expression of Japanese Verbal Verbs” (1980), “Modality Verbs for Loan Words” (1982), and “Combination of Common Sentences and Functional Verbs with Free Speech” (1985). In the book “Study of Verbalization of Chinese in Japanese” (1988), Mr. Moriyama Satoro also mentioned functional verbs. The book “Japanese Verbal Versatility,” which was published in 1991 by Prof. Tsukamu Shinjiro, gave a comprehensive and systematic exposition of functional verbs. The author believes that his viewpoint has a certain degree of representativeness. Now he will briefly introduce the discussion of functional verbs by Prof. Tsukagi Shinjiro as follows: