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以2001—2011年美国NOAA长波辐射数据为背景数据,利用涡度背景场法研究2010年9月3日新西兰南岛M7.1级地震前后卫星长波辐射数据变化特征。结果表明,地震当月在震中西南侧出现显著的长波辐射异常变化,这种变化在全年各月及2001—2011年11年历年同月变化中都是最为显著的,认为其是本次地震的1次映震表现。用同样方法对区内2001—2011年11年间发生6次7.0级以上地震的长波辐射数据进行分析,结果在3次陆地地震发震前都检测到了长波辐射异常变化,而海域地震前则未发现这种现象。检索前人的相关研究结果,发现仅有2次海域地震(2004年12月26日印度尼西亚苏门答腊西北海域8.7级地震和2010年1月12日海地7.0级地震)前有长波辐射异常变化的报道,而根据全球云量分布资料显示,这2个地震所发生的区域是全球洋面云量分布最少的2个区域,而新西兰地震发生的区域位于全球洋面云量分布最多的区域。因此,认为由于水汽和云层对地表红外辐射的强吸收作用,长波辐射捕捉陆地地震红外辐射异常变化更加灵敏,对陆地地震的映震效能要强于海洋地震。
Taking the NOAA longwave radiation data of the United States from 2001 to 2011 as the background data, the variation characteristics of satellite longwave radiation data before and after M7.1 South Island of New Zealand on September 3, 2010 were studied by using the vorticity background field method. The results show that the significant anomalous change of longwave radiation appears on the southwestern side of the epicenter during the earthquake this month. This change is most significant in the whole year, the same month and the same month of 2001-2011, and is considered as the 1 reflected earthquake performance. The same method was used to analyze the longwave radiation data of 6 MS 7.0+ earthquakes occurred in the region during the 11 years from 2001 to 2011. As a result, anomalous longwave radiation changes were detected before the 3 earthquakes, this phenomenon. According to the results of previous studies, we found that there were only reports of abnormal changes in longwave radiation before two sea-borne earthquakes (Dec. 26, 2004, in the northwestern Sumatra, Indonesia, Dec. 26, 2004) and Haiti (MS 7.0, Haiti, January 12, 2010) According to the global cloud distribution data, these two earthquakes occurred in two regions with the least cloud cover in the global ocean surface, while the New Zealand earthquakes occurred in the areas with the highest cloud cover in the global ocean surface. Therefore, it is considered that due to the strong absorption of surface infrared radiation by water vapor and clouds, it is more sensitive to long-wave radiation to capture the anomalous variation of infrared radiation on land-based earthquakes and to the earthquakes on earthquakes.