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目的:探讨脐带组织移植对大鼠辐射诱导的学习记忆损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法:将60只SD大鼠随机分为3组，每组20只，分别为对照组、模型组(全脑X射线照射，剂量20 Gy)、治疗组(全脑X射线照射，剂量20 Gy＋脐带组织移植)。观察大鼠体质量变化，并于照射后第14天、第28天利用水迷宫实验观察大鼠学习记忆情况，HE染色观察大鼠海马区神经元状态；Western blot检测海马NF-κB通路相关蛋白及IL-6的表达情况。采用SPSS 17.0进行描述性分析和假设检验。结果:(1)水迷宫实验中第28天治疗组逃避潜伏期明显高于对照组且低于模型组[对照组：(11.77±3.02)s，模型组：(23.75±3.27)s，治疗组：(18.49±2.32)s；n t＝3.940，－2.943，均n P<0.05)]；第28天大鼠在穿越平台次数上治疗组明显低于对照组且高于模型组[对照组：(7.20±0.84)次，模型组：(3.60±1.14)次，治疗组：(5.00±1.00)次；n t＝－3.773，2.064，均n P<0.05)]。(2)HE染色发现对照组大鼠神经元排列整齐，胞浆透明；模型组大鼠部分神经元排列紊乱，胞体收缩呈三角形或不规则形；治疗组大鼠神经元变性坏死和缺失的数量较模型组减轻。(3)第14天TLR4的相对表达量治疗组明显高于对照组且低于模型组[对照组：(0.69±0.03)，模型组：(1.06±0.11)，治疗组：(0.90±0.04)；n t＝7.275，－2.368，均n P<0.05)]、NF-κB P65的相对表达量治疗组明显高于对照组且低于模型组[对照组：(1.67±0.12)，模型组：(2.08±0.06)，治疗组：(1.93±0.08)；n t＝3.236，－2.684，均n P<0.05)]。治疗组IL-6的相对表达量明显高于对照组且低于模型组[对照组：(0.77±0.08)，模型组：(1.12±0.07)，治疗组：(0.95±0.06)；n t＝3.274，－3.495，均n P<0.05)]；治疗组BCL-2/Bax的相对表达量显著低于对照组且高于模型组[对照组：(1.40±0.52)，模型组：(0.48±0.06)，治疗组：(0.72±0.03)；n t＝－2.263，6.350，均n P<0.05)]；第28天IL-6、BCL-2/Bax蛋白的表达趋势与第14天相同。n 结论:脐带组织移植可以改善由放疗引起的学习记忆障碍，这可能与抑制放疗引起的炎症相关。“,”Objective:To investigate the protective effect and mechanisms of umbilical cord tissue transplantation on radiation-induced learning and memory impairment in rats.Methods:Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into three groups with 20 in each group: control group, model group (whole brain X-ray irradiation, dose 20 Gy) and treatment group (whole brain X-ray irradiation, dose 20 Gy + umbilical cord tissue transplantation). The changes of body mass were observed, and the learning and memory of rats were observed by water maze test on the 14th and 28th day after irradiation, the neuron state of hippocampus was observed by HE staining, and the expressions of NF-κB pathway related proteins and IL-6 in hippocampus were detected by Western blot.Descriptive analysis and hypothesis testing were processed by SPSS 17.0.Results:(1) On the 28th day, the escaping latency in the water maze experiment of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group and lower than that of the model group (control group: (11.77±3.02) s, model group: (23.75±3.27)s, treatment group: (18.49±2.32)s; n t=3.940, -2.943, both n P<0.05); the number of crossing platform in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group and higher than that in the model group (control group: (7.20±0.84), model group (3.60±1.14 ), treatment group (5.00±1.00);n t=-3.773, 2.064, both n P<0.05). (2)HE staining showed that the neurons in the control group were arranged orderly and the cytoplasm was transparent.The neurons in the model group were arranged disorderly and the contraction of the cell body was triangular or irregular.The number of neurons in the treatment group was less than that in the model group. (3) On the 14th day, the relative expression of TLR4 in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group and lower than that in the model group (control group: (0.69±0.03), model group: (1.06±0.11), treatment group: (0.90±0.04);n t=7.275, -2.368, both n P<0.05). The relative expression of NF-κB p65 in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group and lower than that in the model group (control group: (1.67±0.12), model group: (2.08 ±0.06), treatment group: (1.93±0.08);n t=3.236, -2.684, both n P<0.05). The relative expression of IL-6 in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group and lower than that in the model group (control group: (0.77±0.08), model group: (1.12±0.07), treatment group: (0.95±0.06);n t=3.274, -3.495, both n P<0.05). The relative expression of Bcl-2 / Bax in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group and higher than that in the model group (control group: (1.40±0.52), model group: (0.48±0.06), treatment group: (0.72±0.0 3);n t=-2.263, 6.350, both n P<0.05). The expression trend of IL-6 and Bcl-2 / Bax protein on the 28th day was the same as that on the 14th day.n Conclusion:Cord tissue transplantation can improve the learning and memory impairment caused by radiotherapy, which may be related with the inhibition of inflammation caused by radiotherapy.