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美国本土文化的酝酿和形成必然经历长期而混杂的过程,显然,艺术必然是从社会发展模式的中间而不是边缘产生的[1]。美国作家们对各种运动主题充满自信,坚信成千上百万的美国人通过运动能更好地了解身体的本质。他们通过对体育精神的表达,来洞察自身的情感和精神世界。美国文学创作主题从波士顿的清教徒到未开垦的边缘地区大众体育人物刻画,再到棒球场上球手们的荣誉和挫折,这无疑是飞跃式的变化。美国体育小说中的英雄情结Vande-Berg认为英雄(hero)一词源于希腊字,意谓个人在勇气及坚苦卓绝的行为上与他人有所区别,也就是说人们会随着不同的文化及时间因素对英雄概念的认知有所不同。所以,并不是所有运动项目的选手都容易成为英雄,这牵涉到不同国家民族及社会环境的种种因素,例如奥运会及世界杯足球赛的表现优异选手普遍成为世界各国的英雄[2]。美国人的运动英雄大多出现在美式足球、棒球、篮球及冰上曲棍球等项目上[3]。美国小说中的体育英雄是指拥有特别技
The brewing and formation of the native American culture inevitably undergo a long-term and mixed process. Obviously, art must inevitably emerge from the middle of the social development model rather than from the periphery [1]. American writers are full of confidence in various sporting topics and are convinced that millions of Americans are better able to understand the essence of their bodies through exercise. Through their expression of sportsmanship, they perceive their own emotions and spiritual world. The theme of American literary creation is undoubtedly a leapfrog change from the Puritanism in Boston to the uncovered marginalized public sports figures and to the glories and frustrations of the golfers at the baseball stadium. Hero Complex in American Sports Fiction Vande-Berg believes that the term hero comes from the Greek word meaning that individuals differ from others in their courage and hard work, that is, people will follow different cultures and times Factors have different perceptions of heroic concepts. Therefore, not all athletes are easy to become heroes. This involves various national and social conditions in different countries. For example, the performance of the Olympic Games and World Cup soccer players has become generally a hero of all countries in the world. American sports heroes mostly appear on American football, baseball, basketball and ice hockey items [3]. A sports hero in American novels means having special skills