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本文利用明崇祯五年(1632年)成书的判牍《盟水斋存牍》探讨明代宗族的实像。该书所收录的文件从崇祯元年到四年,其中有很丰富的关于宗族的记录,我们可以充分了解在其他史料中看不到的宗族活动。第一,我们能确认从明代中叶以后开始的建设宗祠这样潮流之下,在明末以宗祠为中心宗族体制发挥了作用,同时揭示在祖先祭祀、维持宗族秩序之际,嫡系子孙受重视。第二,在承继问题纠纷中宗族以“公举”的形式干预,同时,“公举”之际,族长站在代表宗族的立场维持公论,发挥统一族内议论的调整能力,或者说,他被期待具备这样的能力。《盟水斋存牍》收录的是诉讼的例子,只是让我们看到了宗族活动的一个侧面。如果考虑到明代中期以后儒教和民间信仰的对抗情况,就会发现宗祠、族长的存在极其重要这一事实,同时本书并非为直接揭示宗子支持祖先祭祀的例子,在族内共同祖先嫡长血统受重视的事实证明.在明末时以宗祠为主的宗族体制已经在广州地区扎了根。
In this paper, the Ming Dynasty Zhen five years (1632) into the book sentenced to “Meng Shui Zhai Cuan” to explore the real image of Ming clan. The book contains documents from the first year of Chongzhen to four years, of which there is a wealth of records about the clans. We can fully understand the clan activities that can not be seen in other historical materials. First, we can confirm the trend of establishing an ancestral temple started from the middle of the Ming Dynasty and played an important role in the clan system centered on the Ancestral Hall at the end of the Ming Dynasty. At the same time, we can reveal the importance attached to the descendants of ancestors when sacrificing their ancestors and maintaining the order of the clan. Second, on the inheritance issue, the clan intervenes in the form of “public proclamation ”, meanwhile, on the occasion of “public proclamation ”, the patriarch stands on the line representing the clan and maintains the public opinion, He is expected to have such ability. The example of a lawsuit is included in UNITA Water Info, which merely shows us one aspect of the clan activity. Considering the confrontation between Confucianism and folk beliefs since the middle of Ming Dynasty, we can find the fact that the existence of ancestral temples and patriarchs is extremely important. At the same time, this book is not an example of directly supporting the worship of ancestors by the sons and daughters. The fact that has been paid attention to proves that the clan system dominated by the ancestral temple in the late Ming dynasty has already taken root in Guangzhou.