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请看四道考查one， ones， that， those， it用法区别的高考真题:
1. The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from_______ spoken in England.(2008全国卷I，33题)
A. which B. what C. that D. the one
2. The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than_______in the newspaper.(2007辽宁卷，27题)
A. it B. those C. one D. that
3. Little joy can equal_______of a surprising ending when you read stories.(2007四川卷，32题)
A. that B. those C. any D. some
4.—There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow_______?
—No， I’d rather buy_______in the bookstore.(2007陕西卷，16题)
A. it; one B. one; one C. one; it D. it; it
答案与解析
1. C。that代替前面提到的不可数名词English以避免重复;不可用the one，因为one只代替可数名词。全句的意思是:美国说的英语和英国说的英语仅仅有细微的差别。
2. D。that代替前面提到的不可数名词information以避免重复。全句的意思是:网上的消息比报上的消息传播快得多。
3. A。that代替前面提到的不可数名词joy以避免重复。全句的意思是:当你阅读故事时，你会感到没有什么乐趣比得上令人惊奇的结局。
4. A。第一空用it特指上文所说的那个名词，指同一个东西即a copy of the book;第二个空用one，代替可数名词a book，指同一类物品中的任何一个。全句的意思是:这种书图书馆还有一本。你会去借吗?不，我宁愿去书店买一本。
用法比较
●1. one，ones
(1)one代替可数名词，不可代替不可数名词，指“同一类物品中的任何一个”:
I don’t have a knife. Lend me one. (one= a knife)
我没有小刀，借我一把。
I have two tickets here. I can let you have one. (one= a ticket)
我这里有两张票，可以给你一张。
(2)特指时，one前面加定冠词the; ones是one的复数形式，但只有在其前面有修饰语时才用:
The one you lost is red. He has one blue pen and two red ones.(ones= pens)
你丢的钢笔是红色的。他有一支蓝色的，两支红色的。
There are only hard chocolates left;we’ve eaten all the soft ones.(ones=chocolates)
剩下的只有硬巧克力，软巧克力我们吃完了。
(3)one､ones前面有形容词修饰时通常要加冠词:
—Where is my blue shirt?
—It’s in the washing machine. You have to wear a different one. (one= shirt)
——我的蓝色衬衣在哪里?
——在洗衣机里。你得穿另一件。
My shoes are similar to the black ones you had on yesterday.(ones= shoes)
我的鞋子和你昨天穿的黑色鞋子相像。
●2. that，those
(1)that 代替前面提到的可数或不可数名词，复数是those，表示泛指。that､those常用于比较句型中，指“同类中的另一物品”。that､those后面常跟介词短语作定语。
The professor compared the bottle in his hand with that on the table.(that= the bottle)
教授把手中的瓶子和桌上的瓶子比较了一下。
The population of Japan is larger than that of England.(that= the population)
日本的人口比英国的多。
The rooms in this building are bigger than those in that building.(those= the rooms)
这幢楼里的房间比那幢楼里的房间大。
(2)that､those指代可数名词时，分别相当于the one､the ones:
The boy told us his story and that of the girl upstairs.(that= the one = the story)
男孩子给我们讲述了他的以及楼上那个女孩子的经历。
The books on the desk are worse than those on the floor.(those= the ones = the books)
课桌上的书比地板上的书更差。
(3)不可数名词前如果有形容词修饰，则不能用that而要重复这个不可数名词:
The fresh air is better for our health than the polluted air.
新鲜空气对我们的健康比污染空气好。
The red wine is better than the white wine.
红葡萄酒比白葡萄酒好。
●3. it
it指代可数或不可数名词，它的复数形式为them，特指上文所说的那个名词，即“同一个物品”:
—Is this house yours?
—No， it is my uncle’s.
——这房子是你的吗?
——不，是我叔叔的。
He has a car and she wants to buy it.
他有一辆车，她想买下它。
You have saved my life; I shall never forget it. (it指代第一分句)
你救了我的命，我永生不忘。
练一练
用A. oneB. onesC. thatD. thoseE. it填空。
1. I have no watch，so I should buy_______.
2. The days in summer are longer than_______in winter.
3. The climate here is almost like_______of New York.
4. They needed an excuse and they soon found_______.
5. I bought a pen yesterday，but I have lost_______today.
6. I prefer a house in the country to_______in the city.
7. A cake made of wheat costs less than_______made of rice.
8. These thin books are easy， but those thick_______are rather difficult.
9. Your calculator looks nice. Please pass_______to me.
10. I hope there are enough picture-books for each child to have_______.
11. Few pleasures can equal_______of a cool drink on a hot day.
12. Equipped with modern facilities， today’s libraries differ greatly from_______of the past.
答案:
1-5 ADCAE 6-10 AABEA 11-12 CD
编辑/梁宇清
1. The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from_______ spoken in England.(2008全国卷I，33题)
A. which B. what C. that D. the one
2. The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than_______in the newspaper.(2007辽宁卷，27题)
A. it B. those C. one D. that
3. Little joy can equal_______of a surprising ending when you read stories.(2007四川卷，32题)
A. that B. those C. any D. some
4.—There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow_______?
—No， I’d rather buy_______in the bookstore.(2007陕西卷，16题)
A. it; one B. one; one C. one; it D. it; it
答案与解析
1. C。that代替前面提到的不可数名词English以避免重复;不可用the one，因为one只代替可数名词。全句的意思是:美国说的英语和英国说的英语仅仅有细微的差别。
2. D。that代替前面提到的不可数名词information以避免重复。全句的意思是:网上的消息比报上的消息传播快得多。
3. A。that代替前面提到的不可数名词joy以避免重复。全句的意思是:当你阅读故事时，你会感到没有什么乐趣比得上令人惊奇的结局。
4. A。第一空用it特指上文所说的那个名词，指同一个东西即a copy of the book;第二个空用one，代替可数名词a book，指同一类物品中的任何一个。全句的意思是:这种书图书馆还有一本。你会去借吗?不，我宁愿去书店买一本。
用法比较
●1. one，ones
(1)one代替可数名词，不可代替不可数名词，指“同一类物品中的任何一个”:
I don’t have a knife. Lend me one. (one= a knife)
我没有小刀，借我一把。
I have two tickets here. I can let you have one. (one= a ticket)
我这里有两张票，可以给你一张。
(2)特指时，one前面加定冠词the; ones是one的复数形式，但只有在其前面有修饰语时才用:
The one you lost is red. He has one blue pen and two red ones.(ones= pens)
你丢的钢笔是红色的。他有一支蓝色的，两支红色的。
There are only hard chocolates left;we’ve eaten all the soft ones.(ones=chocolates)
剩下的只有硬巧克力，软巧克力我们吃完了。
(3)one､ones前面有形容词修饰时通常要加冠词:
—Where is my blue shirt?
—It’s in the washing machine. You have to wear a different one. (one= shirt)
——我的蓝色衬衣在哪里?
——在洗衣机里。你得穿另一件。
My shoes are similar to the black ones you had on yesterday.(ones= shoes)
我的鞋子和你昨天穿的黑色鞋子相像。
●2. that，those
(1)that 代替前面提到的可数或不可数名词，复数是those，表示泛指。that､those常用于比较句型中，指“同类中的另一物品”。that､those后面常跟介词短语作定语。
The professor compared the bottle in his hand with that on the table.(that= the bottle)
教授把手中的瓶子和桌上的瓶子比较了一下。
The population of Japan is larger than that of England.(that= the population)
日本的人口比英国的多。
The rooms in this building are bigger than those in that building.(those= the rooms)
这幢楼里的房间比那幢楼里的房间大。
(2)that､those指代可数名词时，分别相当于the one､the ones:
The boy told us his story and that of the girl upstairs.(that= the one = the story)
男孩子给我们讲述了他的以及楼上那个女孩子的经历。
The books on the desk are worse than those on the floor.(those= the ones = the books)
课桌上的书比地板上的书更差。
(3)不可数名词前如果有形容词修饰，则不能用that而要重复这个不可数名词:
The fresh air is better for our health than the polluted air.
新鲜空气对我们的健康比污染空气好。
The red wine is better than the white wine.
红葡萄酒比白葡萄酒好。
●3. it
it指代可数或不可数名词，它的复数形式为them，特指上文所说的那个名词，即“同一个物品”:
—Is this house yours?
—No， it is my uncle’s.
——这房子是你的吗?
——不，是我叔叔的。
He has a car and she wants to buy it.
他有一辆车，她想买下它。
You have saved my life; I shall never forget it. (it指代第一分句)
你救了我的命，我永生不忘。
练一练
用A. oneB. onesC. thatD. thoseE. it填空。
1. I have no watch，so I should buy_______.
2. The days in summer are longer than_______in winter.
3. The climate here is almost like_______of New York.
4. They needed an excuse and they soon found_______.
5. I bought a pen yesterday，but I have lost_______today.
6. I prefer a house in the country to_______in the city.
7. A cake made of wheat costs less than_______made of rice.
8. These thin books are easy， but those thick_______are rather difficult.
9. Your calculator looks nice. Please pass_______to me.
10. I hope there are enough picture-books for each child to have_______.
11. Few pleasures can equal_______of a cool drink on a hot day.
12. Equipped with modern facilities， today’s libraries differ greatly from_______of the past.
答案:
1-5 ADCAE 6-10 AABEA 11-12 CD
编辑/梁宇清