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放射治疗(以下简称放疗)在医学方面还是较年轻的科目之一。在二十世纪初,人们才认识到它的治疗作用。从开始应用到现在仅70余年。是随着肿瘤学、放射物理学以及放射生物学的形成发展起来的。近20余年放疗进展很快,现已成为肿瘤学中的一门学科。自1964年以来,日本对癌的术中放疗已开始陆续报导,对晚期恶性肿瘤能达到减轻症状延长寿命的目的。既往对腹部恶性肿瘤,几乎不能进行放疗。因腹腔脏器的恶性肿瘤多属放射线敏感性低的腺癌。尤其小肠及肾脏对放射线敏感,使其发生不应有的变化。因此腹腔的恶性肿瘤,常依靠外科手术治疗决定预后。然而,常因癌与重要血管粘连而不能彻底手术切除,使腹腔恶性肿瘤的远期疗效难以提高。如术中行放射线照射,对遗留的病灶或癌细胞能直接破坏,所以本疗法对腹腔恶性肿瘤有很重要的临床意义。
Radiotherapy (hereinafter referred to as radiotherapy) is still one of the younger subjects in medicine. In the early 20th century, people realized its therapeutic effects. It has been only 70 years since it was first applied. It has developed with the formation of oncology, radiation physics, and radiobiology. Radiotherapy has progressed rapidly in the past 20 years and has now become a discipline in oncology. Since 1964, Japan’s intraoperative radiotherapy for cancer has begun to be reported in succession, with the purpose of reducing the symptoms and prolonging the lifespan of advanced malignant tumors. In the past, malignant tumors of the abdomen could hardly be treated with radiotherapy. Abdominal visceral malignancies are mostly radiation-sensitive adenocarcinomas. In particular, the small intestine and kidneys are sensitive to radiation and cause undesired changes. Therefore, malignant tumors in the abdominal cavity often rely on surgical treatment to determine the prognosis. However, it is often impossible to completely remove the cancer because of cancer and important blood vessel adhesions, making it difficult to improve the long-term efficacy of malignant tumors in the abdominal cavity. If the radiation is irradiated during the operation, the remaining lesions or cancer cells can be directly destroyed, so this therapy has important clinical significance for malignant tumors in the abdominal cavity.