目的了解库车县、墨玉县5岁以下儿童死亡的真实现况。方法在医疗保健机构和相关部门进行线索查询,最终以随机抽样和重点线索追踪相结合的方法进行调查。结果库车县和墨玉县妇幼卫生生命指标存在较多的漏报。结论各级领导不够重视,城镇妇幼卫生三级网不完善,农村妇幼卫生三级网不稳定,基层医疗保健人员有关生命指标的概念模糊,未掌握漏报调查方法是造成漏报的原因。 Objective To understand the actual situation of the death of children under 5 in Kuche County and Moyu County. Methods Clues were made in health care institutions and related departments, and finally the random sampling and key clues were used to investigate. Results There were many omissions in MCH indicators in both Kuche County and Moyu County. Conclusions The leaders at all levels did not pay enough attention to the three levels of maternal and child health networks in cities and towns. The three levels of maternal and child health networks in rural areas were unstable and the concepts of life indicators of grassroots health care workers were vague. The omission of omission of survey methods was the cause of omission.