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门脉高压是一种常见的临床综合征,在病理学上以门脉压梯度(门脉压与下腔静脉压之差)增大以及门脉血流形成侧支循环为特征。正常门静脉压力梯度为1～5 mm Hg,临床上门脉高压的梯度会升高10 mm Hg以上。梯度在5～9 mm Hg之间称临床门脉高压亚临床期。门脉高压最常见病因是慢性肝病、肝硬化(常伴血吸虫病)。其他病因占10%以下,其中以门静脉血栓常见。在肝硬化患者中,门脉压梯度常用肝静脉压力梯度(HVPG)来评估。
Portal hypertension is a common clinical syndrome characterized by an increased portal pressure gradient (difference between portal pressure and inferior vena cava pressure) and the formation of collateral circulation in portal blood flow. Normal portal vein pressure gradient of 1 ~ 5 mm Hg, clinical gradient of portal hypertension will rise above 10 mm Hg. Gradients are between 5 and 9 mm Hg in clinical sub-clinical portal hypertension. The most common cause of portal hypertension is chronic liver disease, cirrhosis (often accompanied by schistosomiasis). Other causes accounted for less than 10%, of which portal vein thrombosis common. In cirrhotic patients, portal pressure gradient is often evaluated by hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG).