二十世纪以来,西方批评家渐渐在文学演化上达成一种共识:文学演化是有独立性的,它相对脱离于政治、经济、文化要素。比如新左派批评家伊格尔顿认为:“一个社会上层结构的每个要素——艺术、法律、政治、宗教都具有它自己的发展节奏,它自己的内部演化,不能简单看作仅仅是阶级斗争或经济状况的表现。”[1]这种观念对于认识文学形式和美学的独立价值是有益的,但不少理论家矫枉过正。因此,如果将所有的文学演化研究都限定为内在价值的独立研 Since the twentieth century, western critics have gradually reached a consensus on the evolution of literature: the evolution of literature is independent and relatively isolated from the political, economic and cultural elements. For example, the New Left critic Eagleton said: “Every element of a social superstructure - art, law, politics, and religion - has its own pace of development. Its own internal evolution can not be simply viewed as merely Class struggle or economic performance. ”[1] This notion is useful for understanding the independent value of literary forms and aesthetics, but many theorists overcorrect. Therefore, if all the studies of literary evolution are limited to the independent study of intrinsic value