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棉花具有十分明显的杂种优势,利用棉花杂种优势已成为一种提高产量、品质和抗病性的有效途径。目前国内外都十分关注棉花胞质雄性不育系的研究和利用。60年代以来,Meyer等人先后培育了具有异常棉(G.anomalum)、亚洲棉(G.arboreum)、哈克尼西棉(G.harknessii)胞质雄性不育系,并实现了三系配套。印度用哈克尼西棉胞质不育系筛选出杂种棉组合MECH4在生产上利用。最近Stewart(1992),贾占昌(1990),周世象(1992,私人通讯)也分别选育出了三裂棉(G,trilobum)、陆地棉、海岛棉(G.barbadense)胞质不育系。它们的利用价值尚待进一步研究。南京农业大学棉花遗传育种室对我国现有的3种棉花细胞质雄性不育系进行了多学科的理论研究。鉴于目前国内外现有的不育系、恢复系的产量都比较低,不易选育出高产的胞质雄性不育杂种棉这一现状,从90年代初也开始了大规模的不育系、恢复系回交转育工作。为了提高恢复系选育的效率,更是为了筛选步移克隆Rf基因分子探针,我们开展了我国棉花104-7A胞质雄性不育育性恢复基因RAPD-PCR标记的筛选研究。本文是棉花重要农艺性状分子标记(RFLP或RAPD-PCR)筛选成功的首次报道。
Cotton has a very obvious heterosis, the use of cotton heterosis has become an effective way to improve yield, quality and disease resistance. At home and abroad are very concerned about the cotton cytoplasmic male sterile line of research and utilization. Since the 1960s, Meyer et al. Have successively cultivated cytoplasmic male sterile lines with G. anomalum, G.arboreum and G. harknessii, . In India, the hybrid cotton MECH4 was screened out for its production by using the Hakonei CMS line. Recently, the cytoplasmic male sterile lines of G, trilobum, G. hirsutum and G. barbadense were also bred respectively by Stewart (1992), Jia Zhanchang (1990) and Zhou Shih-cheng (1992). Their usefulness remains to be further studied. Nanjing Agricultural University Cotton Genetics and Breeding Room of China’s existing three kinds of cotton cytoplasmic male sterile lines conducted a multi-disciplinary theoretical research. In view of the current domestic and foreign sterile lines, restorers yield are relatively low, difficult to select high-yielding CMS maize this status quo, from the early 90s also started a large-scale sterile lines, Restoration Department backcrossing work. In order to improve the efficiency of restorer line breeding, but also to screen the cloned Rf gene probe, we carried out the screening of the RAPD-PCR marker of the restorer fertility restorer gene 104-10A in cotton. This article is the first report of successful screening of cotton important agronomic trait markers (RFLP or RAPD-PCR).