遗忘型轻度认知障碍患者数字化画钟测验的表现特征及诊断效能研究

来源 :中华行为医学与脑科学杂志 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:chenliu2009
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目的

探讨遗忘型轻度认知障碍(amnestic mild cognitive impairment,aMCI)患者数字化画钟测验(digital clock-drawing test,dCDT)的表现特征及其与传统画钟测验(traditional clock-drawing test,tCDT)相比对aMCI患者的诊断效力。

方法

选取2020年11月至2021年5月就诊山西医科大学第一附属医院门诊的中老年81例,其中aMCI患者39例(aMCI组),认知正常者42例(对照组)。使用本团队研发的dCDT软件采集绘图过程参数。根据CDIS评分方法,计算蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal cognitive assessment,MoCA)各认知域指数分数,分析dCDT参数与MoCA各认知域指数分数的相关性。采用Logistic回归分析构建预测模型,通过ROC曲线分析比较不同方法对aMCI患者诊断的敏感性、特异性。

结果

(1)aMCI组的完成总时间[51.25(38.80,63.75)s,42.42(33.64,51.91)s]及思考时间[36.34(26.81,47.25)s,28.47(22.37,33.98)s]明显高于对照组,分针/时针(1.23±0.35,1.39±0.34)、每分钟笔画数[(31.31±10.44)个,(41.05±9.48)个]及tCDT评分[3.0(3.0,4.0)分,4.0(3.0,4.0)分]明显低于对照组,均差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),余dCDT参数两组间差异无统计学意义(Z=-1.835~-0.440,P>0.05);(2)在调整年龄、性别及受教育程度后,相关分析显示,完成总时间与MoCA记忆指数(r=-0.224,P=0.049)、语言指数(r=-0.237,P=0.037)及注意力指数(r=-0.236,P=0.038)呈负相关;思考时间与MoCA记忆指数(r=-0.268,P=0.018)、语言指数(r=-0.271,P=0.016)、注意力指数(r=-0.259,P=0.022)及定向力指数(r=-0.267,P=0.018)呈负相关;分针/时针与MoCA执行力指数(r=0.259,P=0.022)及视空间指数(r=0.309,P=0.006)呈正相关;每分钟笔画数与MoCA记忆指数r=0.376,P=0.001)、执行力指数(r=0.290,P=0.010)、视空间指数(r=0.294,P=0.009)、注意力指数(r=0.238,P=0.036)及定向力指数(r=0.301,P=0.007)呈正相关;(3)dCDT模型(第二指针延迟时间、分针/时针及每分钟笔画数)可正确分类77.8% aMCI患者,灵敏度74.36%,特异度80.95%,对aMCI患者的诊断效力显著高于tCDT评分,曲线下面积的差异有统计学意义(Z=2.335,P=0.02)。

结论

aMCI患者存在的认知损害能被dCDT所检出,而且不同的dCDT参数可反映不同的认知区域受损;与tCDT评分相比,dCDT可提高对aMCI患者的诊断效力。

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