A portable 3-component broadband digital seismic array was deployed across the Tianshan orogenic belt (TOB) to investigate the lithospheric structure. Based on receiver function analysis of the teleseismic P-wave data, a 2-D S-wave velocity profile of the boundary area of the TOB and the Tarim Basin was obtained at the depths of 0—80 km. Our results reveal a vertical and lateral inhomogeneity in the crust and uppermost mantle. Four velocity interfaces divide the crystalline crust into the upper, middle and lower crust. A low velocity zone is widely observed in the upper-middle crust. The depth of Moho varies between 42 and 52 km. At the north end of the profile the Moho dips northward with a vertical offset of 4—6 km, which implies a subduction front of the Tarim Basin into the TOB. The Moho generally ap- pears as a velocity transitional zone except beneath two sta- tions in the northern Tarim Basin, where the Moho is char- acterized by a typical velocity discontinuity. The fine velocity structure and the deep contact deformation of the crust and upper most mantle delineate the north-south lithospheric shortening and thickening in the boundary area of the TOB and the Tarim Basin, which would be helpful to constructing the geodynamical model of the intracontinental moun- tain-basin-coupling system. Based on receiver function analysis of the teleseismic P-wave data, a 2-D S-wave velocity profile of the boundary area of ​​the TOB and the Tarim Basin was obtained at the depths of 0-80 km. Our results reveal a vertical and lateral inhomogeneity in the crust and uppermost mantle. Four velocity interfaces divide the crystalline crust into the upper, middle and lower crust. A low velocity zone is widely observed in the upper-middle crust. The depth of Moho varies between 42 and 52 km. At the north end of the profile the Moho dips northward with a vertical offset of 4-6 km, which implies a subduction front of the Tarim Basin into the TOB. The Moho generally ap- pears as a velocity transitional zone except beneath two two-tions in the northern Tarim Basin, where the Moho is char- acterized by a typical velocity discontinuity. The fine ve locity structure and the deep contact deformation of the crust and upper most mantle delineate the north-south lithospheric shortening and thickening in the boundary area of ​​the TOB and the Tarim Basin, which would be helpful to constructing the geodynamical model of the intracontinental moun- tain -basin-coupling system.