对４例恶性胸水患者在常规治疗无效时，采用开胸冷冻治疗，冷冻后的肿瘤细胞组织结构崩解、凝固、坏死、脱落、冷冻区胸膜下的出血性等病灶由增生的胸膜间皮组织所替代，形成纤维瘢痕，局部血流郁滞，管腔内血栓形成，微循环闭塞，从而达到消除胸水、缓解疼痛的目的。 Four patients with malignant pleural effusion were treated with thoracotomy when they were ineffective in routine treatment. The tissue structure of the frozen tumors disintegrated, coagulated, necrosed, shed, and the pleural hemorrhage in the frozen area consisted of hyperplastic pleural mesothelial tissue. Instead of forming fiber scars, local blood flow stagnation, intraluminal thrombosis, and microcirculatory occlusion, the goal of eliminating pleural effusion and relieving pain was achieved.