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中华先民依靠观察太阳东升西落的运动轨迹,逐渐产生了原始的方位观念。在《周易》阴阳哲学的影响下,便发展成为“以西方为上”的社会习俗。这种习俗对我国古代的社会生活和陵墓制度都产生了深远的影响。从文献记载和考古资料可以看出,我国自春秋晚期的洛阳周山王陵,到战国时期的秦国王陵、赵国王陵,以及秦始皇陵园、西汉帝陵、东汉帝陵,直至北魏迁都洛阳后帝陵园区均为坐西朝东,帝陵多位于陵园的西部或西南部,尊长者也多位于陵区的西方或西南方,陪葬墓、陵邑及其他附属设施则多处于陵园(或陵区)的东部或北部。这些都是“以西方为上”的习俗在陵墓制度中的具体反映。
Chinese ancestors rely on observing the movement of the Sun Dongshengxiuluo gradually generated the original concept of orientation. Under the influence of the yin-yang philosophy of the “Book of Changes”, it developed into a social custom of “taking the West as the foremost”. This custom has had far-reaching effects on the ancient social life and the tomb system in our country. From the records and archaeological data, we can see that since the Spring and Autumn Period in our country, the Zhouling Tombs of the Zhou Mountains to the Qin Warring States Period, the Kingdom of Zhao and the First Qin Emperor Mausoleum, the Western Han Dynasty Mausoleum and the Eastern Han Dynasty Mausoleum until the Northern Wei Dynasty moved to Luoyang Emperor cemetery are sitting west east, Mausoleum and more located in the west or southwest cemetery, elders are also more in the west or southwest of the tomb area, grave tombs, Ling and other ancillary facilities are more in the cemetery (or District) east or north. These are the specific reflections of the custom of “taking the West as the last resort” in the system of mausoleums.