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目的掌握赤南小学感染性腹泻暴发疫情的原因和流行病学特征,为行政部门制定传染病防治策略提供科学依据。方法采用现场个案流行病学调查、临床诊断和实验室检验。结果共发病84例,罹患率10.64%。实验室检验,生活饮用水3份,菌落总数、总大肠菌群、粪大肠菌群均严重超标;产肠毒素性大肠埃希菌阳性率100%,临检粪便产肠毒素性致泻性大肠埃希菌阳性率87.50%。结论赤南乡集中式供水管网和学校蓄水池水被细菌严重污染,学校不能为学生提供开水,学生只能喝生水,是导致感染性腹泻的直接原因。乡政府和学校疏于对供水系统的管理,未制定严格的消毒制度和采取必要的消毒措施,是导致该次疫情发生的关键。
Objective To understand the causes and epidemiological characteristics of outbreaks of infectious diarrhea in Chienan Primary School and provide a scientific basis for the administrative department to formulate prevention and cure of infectious diseases. Methods The case of epidemiological investigation, clinical diagnosis and laboratory tests were used. Results A total of 84 cases of disease, the attack rate of 10.64%. Laboratory tests, drinking water 3 copies of the total number of colonies, total coliforms, fecal coliform were seriously overweight; enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli positive rate of 100%, temporary test for enterotoxigenic diarrhea colon Escherichia coli positive rate of 87.50%. Conclusion The centralized water supply network and school reservoir water in Chinan Township are seriously polluted by bacteria. Schools can not provide boiling water to students. Students can only drink raw water, which is the direct cause of infectious diarrhea. The neglect of the management of the water supply system by the township government and schools, the absence of a stringent disinfection system and the necessary disinfection measures are the key factors that have led to the outbreak.