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硫基嘌呤甲基转移酶（ＴＰＭＴ）是嘌呤类药物代谢的关键酶。ＴＰＭＴ基因的突变、酶活性表达的遗传多态性，对此类药物疗效与毒副作用至关重要。对于高ＴＰＭＴ活性的患者，可能治疗强度不足；酶活性低者易产生严重毒副作用。
Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) is a key enzyme in purine metabolism. The mutation of TPMT gene and the genetic polymorphism of enzyme activity expression are very important for the curative effect and side effect of these drugs. For patients with high TPMT activity, treatment may be insufficient strength; the lower enzyme activity prone to serious side effects.