论文部分内容阅读
语 文
出题人:吴同和,特级教师,现任湖南省永州市柳宗元研究学会副秘书长,湖南科技学院客座教授。
阅读下面这首诗,然后回答问题。(8分)
泪
李商隐①
永巷②长年怨绮罗,离情终日思风波。
湘江竹上痕无限,岘首碑③前洒几多。
人去紫台秋入塞,兵残楚帐夜闻歌。
朝来灞水桥边问,未抵青袍送玉珂。
【注】①李商隐(812—858),晚唐著名诗人,其诗作缠绵凄恻,隐晦有余而旷达不足。
②永巷:汉宫中幽闭有罪宫嫔之处。
③岘首碑:后人为羊祜所立之碑。羊祜是魏末相国从事中郎,镇守襄阳,有贤德,死后为百姓万众所仰;岁时祭之,是为怀德也。
(1)概括这首诗所写的几种泪。
(2)这首诗用典有什么特色?有怎样的艺术效果?
数 学
出题人:赵绪昌,特级教师,任职于四川省宣汉县中小学教学研究室。
已知:正整数数列{an}中,a1=1,a2=3,且an+2=5an+1-6an(n∈N*)。
(1)求证:数列中相邻两项组成的无数个整点:(a1,a2)、(a2,a3)、(a3,a4)、…、(an-1,an)、…在一组平行线上;(5分)
(2)求点P(-6,8)到这组平行线的最短距离d;(3分)
(3)每条平行线与X轴、Y轴围成的三角形面积为Sn,求数列{Sn}的前n项和Tn,以及Tn为整数的最小n值。(6分)
英 语
出题人:孟庆忠,特级教师,任职于江苏省连云港市教育局教研室。
阅读理解
Finding Your Hiking Direction
孟庆忠
You will always know the direction of North, South, East and West when you have a watch... even if you have a digital watch that is missing the traditional clock hands. Always remember to make any changes for Daylight Savings Time, British Summer Time or whatever adjustment has been made to the real time in your area. If you only have a digital watch, draw a circle on the ground or in the sand with the numbers and the clock hands. If you happen to have a pencil and a piece of paper, draw a circle with the numbers and the clock hands.
Northern hemisphere:
Figure 1 indicates that the time is 9∶30 AM. Hold the watch or the piece of paper with the drawn clock horizontal and point the hour hand toward sun (in this case the hour is 9). If you are drawing the clock in the ground, draw the hour hand pointing to the sun. Bisect the angle between the hour hand and 12 o'clock to get the northsouth line (red line). Remember that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west (if you can't determine which way is the northsouth line). The sun is approximately due south at noon, the sun is in the east before noon and if the sun is in the west after noon.
Figure 2 indicates that the time is 9∶30 AM and if there is a 1 hour difference between real time and the time of 9∶30 AM (daylight savings time of 1 hour). If your watch is not set to real time (set instead for daylight savings time), bisect the angle between 1 o'clock and the hour hand (if there is a difference of 1 hour for daylight savings time) to determine the correct northsouth line.
Southern hemisphere:
Figure 3 indicates that the time is 9∶30 AM. Hold the watch or the piece of paper with the drawn clock horizontal and point the 12 o'clock toward the sun. If you are drawing the clock in the ground, draw the 12 o'clock pointing to the sun. Bisect the angle between the hour hand and 12 o'clock to get the northsouth line (red line). Remember that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west (if you can't determine which way is the northsouth line). The sun is approximately due south at noon, the sun is in the east before noon and if the sun is in the west after noon.
Figure 4 indicates that the time is 9∶30 AM and if there is a 1 hour difference between real time and the time of 9∶30 AM (daylight savings time of 1 hour). Hold the watch or the piece of paper with the drawn clock horizontal and point the 1 o'clock toward the sun. If your watch is not set to real time (set instead for daylight savings time), bisect the angle between 1 o'clock and the hour hand (if there is a difference of 1 hour for daylight savings time) to determine the correct northsouth line.
Remember, the further you are from the equator, the more accurate the watch method will be.
1According to the passage, how many places are mentioned, where you can draw a simple picture of a watch to help know the direction when you are lost in hiking?
AOneBTwo
CThreeDFour
2Which of the following is an example of telling the direction that shows the time is 9∶30 a.m. in the northern hemisphere if your watch is set for daylight saving time?
AFigure 1BFigure 2
CFigure 3DFigure 4
3The underlined word “approximately” in this passage probably means.
AfrequentlyBfortunately
CfortunatelyDroughly
4If you are in the south hemisphere and there is a 1 hour difference between real time and daylight saving time, the correct order of using the watch method is.
aHold the watch or the piece of paper with the drawn clock horizontal
bPoint the 12 o'clock toward the sun
cBisect the angle between the hour hand and 12 o'clock
dDraw a circle with the numbers and the clock hands on a piece of paper
eDetermine the way of the northsouth line according to the position of the sun
Aa,b,c,d,eBa,d,b,c,d
Cd,c,a,b,eDd,a,b,c,e
上期答案
语 文
【解析】
论述类文章一般是板块结构,即由几层意思叠加在一起构成整篇文章,前后内容有逻辑关系。解题方法是对应、比较、辨析。
对应,就是找到选择项与原材料的对应点,一般来说,对应点在一处,也有可能在多处。比较,就是将选择项的语言表述与原文相对应的句子进行对比,找出它们在形式上的差异。辨析,就是分析判断选择项与原文对应句子在形式上的差异是否造成表意的差异。
第1题与原材料的对应点就是“一般‘兴会淋漓’的文章大半都是如此做成”一句前面的文字。把各选择项与原文比较一下,虽然表述有所不同,但是基本意思没有什么出入。再对照题干来加以辨析,可见该句是说“兴会淋漓”的文章的写作,指已具备了思路畅通的写作条件,并非指尚在“寻思”之中。因而,不符合句中“此”字所指的一项是A。
第2题A选择项,与原文对应的文字“唐人有‘吟成一个字,捻断数茎须’的传说……他们的成就未始不从这种艰苦奋斗得来”,内容是一致的;C选择项,与原文的对应文字“苦思在当时或许无所得,但是在潜意识中它的工作仍在酝酿,到成熟时可以‘一旦豁然贯通’,普通所谓‘灵感’大半都先经苦思的准备,到了适当时机便突然涌现”意思相合;D选择项,与原文的对应文字“苦思是打通难关的努力,经过一番苦思的训练后,手腕便逐渐娴熟,思路便不易落平凡,纵遇极难驾驭的情境也可以手挥目送,行所无事”意思相合;B选择项与原文对应的文字是“思路太畅时,我们信笔直书,少控制,常易流于浮滑;苦思才能剥茧抽丝,鞭辟入里,处处从深一层着想,才能沉着委婉”,两相比较,可见选择项前半句中的“就会”与原文的“常易”不合,后半句中表必要条件的“就”与表示必需、唯一条件的“才”也不合。
第3题A选择项中“一旦具备了思路畅通的条件,文思就不会蔽塞了”,与原文对应文字“有时虽然条件具备,文思仍然蔽塞”意思不合;C选择项与原文对应文字是“大抵文章的畅适境界有两种,有生来即畅适者,有经过艰苦经营而后畅适者。就已成功的作品看,好像都很平易,其实这中间分别很大”,相较区别在于原文有“好像”一词;D选择项与原文对应的文字是,“由困难中获得平易者大半深刻耐人寻味,这是铅锡与百炼钢的分别,也是袁简斋与陶渊明的分别。王介甫所说的‘看似寻常最奇崛,成如容易却艰辛’,是文章的胜境”,很显然,原文有“大半”一词;B选择项与原文的对应点虽然比较分散,但是可以分别在原文后半部分找到相关信息,它实际上是原文相关信息的整合,是对作者观点的正确概括。
【答案】
1A
2B
3B
数 学
解:(1)设过点P的切线斜率为k,方程为y-2=k(x-2),即kx-y-2k+2=0.其与圆相切则|2k-2|k2+1=1,化简得3k2-8k+3=0.所以k1•k2=1。
(2)设点P坐标为(x0,y0),过点P的切线斜率为k,则方程为y-y0=k(x-x0)即kx-y-kx0+y0=0,所以|kx0-y0|1+k2=1,化简得(x20-1)k2-2x0y0k+(y20-1)=0。
因为k1,k2存在,
则x0≠±1,且Δ=(2x0y0)2-4(x20-1)(y20-1)=4(x20+y20-1)>0,
由k1,k2是方程的两个根,得k1•k2=y20-1x20-1=-λ,化简得λx20+y20=λ+1。
即所求的曲线M的方程为λx2+y2=λ+1(x≠±1)。
若λ∈(-∞,-1),M所在圆锥曲线是焦点在x轴上的双曲线;
若λ∈(-1,0),M所在圆锥曲线是焦点在y轴上的双曲线;
若λ∈(0,1),M所在圆锥曲线是焦点在x轴上的椭圆;
若λ=1,M所在曲线是圆;
若λ∈(1,+∞),M所在圆锥曲线是焦点在y轴上的椭圆。
(3)当λ=12时,曲线M为:12x2+y2=13,
方法一——点差法:设A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2)是M上关于直线y=4x+t对称的两点,AB中点为N(x0,y0)。则12x12+y12=13,12x22+y22=13,x1+x2=2x0,y1+y2=2y0
所以12(x21-x22)+(y21-y22)=24x0(x1-x2)+2y0(y1-y2)=0,
从而kAB=y1-y2x1-x2=-12x0y0=-14,所以x0=t44,y0=1211t,因为点N(x0,y0)在曲线M内,所以12x20+y20=12t442+1211t2<13,得t的取值范围是t∈-227527579,227527579。
方法二——导数法:设AB是满足条件的弦,AB中点为N(x0,y0),由12x2+y2=13得24x+2yy′=0,所以24x0+2y0kAB=0,即kAB=-12x0y0=-14,所以x0=t44,y0=1211t,因为点N(x0,y0)在曲线M内,所以12x20+y20=12(t44)2+(1211t)2<13,得t的取值范围是t∈-227527579,227527579。
英 语
Keys:1—5 BACDB6—10 ACDAB11—15 CCDAD16—20 BBACD
解析:1由下文“他辩论道:‘从一个认定他一生的最佳选择是当老师的人身上,孩子们能学到什么?’”可以判断他想解释的是有关教育的问题。
2做老师是一个人对职业的选择。
3从下文“有能力的,去做事。没能力的,去教书”,可以判断他在提醒,并强调自己的看法。
4由上文得知他在强调自己的观点。
5“have a reputation for …”是固定词组。而且,从下文的“honesty and frankness”可以判断Mary有很好的口碑。
6从“then began…”可以判断她是在停顿之后接着说。
7从形容词的比较级harder 和 they thought they could可以得知这里应为副词ever,意为孩子们比以往任何时候都努力学习。
8该句话的意思是:我能让孩子们坐在我的课堂里40分钟都不厌烦。through一词恰恰符合“贯通始终”的含义。
9一个老师最重要的责任是启发学生对事物的好奇心。下文中的“I make them question.”也证实了这一点。
10老师的另一个重要责任是教会学生怎样做人。犯了错误要道歉,而且要诚心诚意地改正。mean it则正是此意。
11“take responsibility for…”意为“对……负责”。上文中的“让他们诚心诚意地道歉;树立尊重之心”就能判断出:老师有责任让他们学会对自己的行为负责。
12从下文“They use their Godgiven brain, not the manmade calculator.”可以判断这门学科是数学。
13只有数学学科才可能用计数器,故选择calculator一词。
14这句话的意思是:我帮助国外来的学生既学习用英语了解他们必须了解的一切,同时又保留住他们本国文化的独特性。while意为“同时”。
15下文提到:宣誓效忠于美国国旗和国家。因此,答案应为“站立”。
16上文中提到了向国旗宣誓,效忠国家,使国家不可分割;所有的国人享有自由和公正。nation是顺理成章的答案。
17上文中曾提到“They use their Godgiven brain, not the manmade calculator.” talent一词与brain是同义词。
18“利用上帝赋予的天赋,努力学习,听从心灵的呼唤”是一个孩子成功的必要条件。follow ones heart正合此意。
19从上文Money isnt everything.可以得知Mary对于那些用金钱来判断人的人采取不予理睬的态度。judge sb. by … 是固定搭配,并且符合句意。
20上文已经表明了Mary的态度,她对此类人很蔑视,用“无知”一词恰当。
责任编辑 刘 静 李婷婷 张丹凤
出题人:吴同和,特级教师,现任湖南省永州市柳宗元研究学会副秘书长,湖南科技学院客座教授。
阅读下面这首诗,然后回答问题。(8分)
泪
李商隐①
永巷②长年怨绮罗,离情终日思风波。
湘江竹上痕无限,岘首碑③前洒几多。
人去紫台秋入塞,兵残楚帐夜闻歌。
朝来灞水桥边问,未抵青袍送玉珂。
【注】①李商隐(812—858),晚唐著名诗人,其诗作缠绵凄恻,隐晦有余而旷达不足。
②永巷:汉宫中幽闭有罪宫嫔之处。
③岘首碑:后人为羊祜所立之碑。羊祜是魏末相国从事中郎,镇守襄阳,有贤德,死后为百姓万众所仰;岁时祭之,是为怀德也。
(1)概括这首诗所写的几种泪。
(2)这首诗用典有什么特色?有怎样的艺术效果?
数 学
出题人:赵绪昌,特级教师,任职于四川省宣汉县中小学教学研究室。
已知:正整数数列{an}中,a1=1,a2=3,且an+2=5an+1-6an(n∈N*)。
(1)求证:数列中相邻两项组成的无数个整点:(a1,a2)、(a2,a3)、(a3,a4)、…、(an-1,an)、…在一组平行线上;(5分)
(2)求点P(-6,8)到这组平行线的最短距离d;(3分)
(3)每条平行线与X轴、Y轴围成的三角形面积为Sn,求数列{Sn}的前n项和Tn,以及Tn为整数的最小n值。(6分)
英 语
出题人:孟庆忠,特级教师,任职于江苏省连云港市教育局教研室。
阅读理解
Finding Your Hiking Direction
孟庆忠
You will always know the direction of North, South, East and West when you have a watch... even if you have a digital watch that is missing the traditional clock hands. Always remember to make any changes for Daylight Savings Time, British Summer Time or whatever adjustment has been made to the real time in your area. If you only have a digital watch, draw a circle on the ground or in the sand with the numbers and the clock hands. If you happen to have a pencil and a piece of paper, draw a circle with the numbers and the clock hands.
Northern hemisphere:
Figure 1 indicates that the time is 9∶30 AM. Hold the watch or the piece of paper with the drawn clock horizontal and point the hour hand toward sun (in this case the hour is 9). If you are drawing the clock in the ground, draw the hour hand pointing to the sun. Bisect the angle between the hour hand and 12 o'clock to get the northsouth line (red line). Remember that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west (if you can't determine which way is the northsouth line). The sun is approximately due south at noon, the sun is in the east before noon and if the sun is in the west after noon.
Figure 2 indicates that the time is 9∶30 AM and if there is a 1 hour difference between real time and the time of 9∶30 AM (daylight savings time of 1 hour). If your watch is not set to real time (set instead for daylight savings time), bisect the angle between 1 o'clock and the hour hand (if there is a difference of 1 hour for daylight savings time) to determine the correct northsouth line.
Southern hemisphere:
Figure 3 indicates that the time is 9∶30 AM. Hold the watch or the piece of paper with the drawn clock horizontal and point the 12 o'clock toward the sun. If you are drawing the clock in the ground, draw the 12 o'clock pointing to the sun. Bisect the angle between the hour hand and 12 o'clock to get the northsouth line (red line). Remember that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west (if you can't determine which way is the northsouth line). The sun is approximately due south at noon, the sun is in the east before noon and if the sun is in the west after noon.
Figure 4 indicates that the time is 9∶30 AM and if there is a 1 hour difference between real time and the time of 9∶30 AM (daylight savings time of 1 hour). Hold the watch or the piece of paper with the drawn clock horizontal and point the 1 o'clock toward the sun. If your watch is not set to real time (set instead for daylight savings time), bisect the angle between 1 o'clock and the hour hand (if there is a difference of 1 hour for daylight savings time) to determine the correct northsouth line.
Remember, the further you are from the equator, the more accurate the watch method will be.
1According to the passage, how many places are mentioned, where you can draw a simple picture of a watch to help know the direction when you are lost in hiking?
AOneBTwo
CThreeDFour
2Which of the following is an example of telling the direction that shows the time is 9∶30 a.m. in the northern hemisphere if your watch is set for daylight saving time?
AFigure 1BFigure 2
CFigure 3DFigure 4
3The underlined word “approximately” in this passage probably means.
AfrequentlyBfortunately
CfortunatelyDroughly
4If you are in the south hemisphere and there is a 1 hour difference between real time and daylight saving time, the correct order of using the watch method is.
aHold the watch or the piece of paper with the drawn clock horizontal
bPoint the 12 o'clock toward the sun
cBisect the angle between the hour hand and 12 o'clock
dDraw a circle with the numbers and the clock hands on a piece of paper
eDetermine the way of the northsouth line according to the position of the sun
Aa,b,c,d,eBa,d,b,c,d
Cd,c,a,b,eDd,a,b,c,e
上期答案
语 文
【解析】
论述类文章一般是板块结构,即由几层意思叠加在一起构成整篇文章,前后内容有逻辑关系。解题方法是对应、比较、辨析。
对应,就是找到选择项与原材料的对应点,一般来说,对应点在一处,也有可能在多处。比较,就是将选择项的语言表述与原文相对应的句子进行对比,找出它们在形式上的差异。辨析,就是分析判断选择项与原文对应句子在形式上的差异是否造成表意的差异。
第1题与原材料的对应点就是“一般‘兴会淋漓’的文章大半都是如此做成”一句前面的文字。把各选择项与原文比较一下,虽然表述有所不同,但是基本意思没有什么出入。再对照题干来加以辨析,可见该句是说“兴会淋漓”的文章的写作,指已具备了思路畅通的写作条件,并非指尚在“寻思”之中。因而,不符合句中“此”字所指的一项是A。
第2题A选择项,与原文对应的文字“唐人有‘吟成一个字,捻断数茎须’的传说……他们的成就未始不从这种艰苦奋斗得来”,内容是一致的;C选择项,与原文的对应文字“苦思在当时或许无所得,但是在潜意识中它的工作仍在酝酿,到成熟时可以‘一旦豁然贯通’,普通所谓‘灵感’大半都先经苦思的准备,到了适当时机便突然涌现”意思相合;D选择项,与原文的对应文字“苦思是打通难关的努力,经过一番苦思的训练后,手腕便逐渐娴熟,思路便不易落平凡,纵遇极难驾驭的情境也可以手挥目送,行所无事”意思相合;B选择项与原文对应的文字是“思路太畅时,我们信笔直书,少控制,常易流于浮滑;苦思才能剥茧抽丝,鞭辟入里,处处从深一层着想,才能沉着委婉”,两相比较,可见选择项前半句中的“就会”与原文的“常易”不合,后半句中表必要条件的“就”与表示必需、唯一条件的“才”也不合。
第3题A选择项中“一旦具备了思路畅通的条件,文思就不会蔽塞了”,与原文对应文字“有时虽然条件具备,文思仍然蔽塞”意思不合;C选择项与原文对应文字是“大抵文章的畅适境界有两种,有生来即畅适者,有经过艰苦经营而后畅适者。就已成功的作品看,好像都很平易,其实这中间分别很大”,相较区别在于原文有“好像”一词;D选择项与原文对应的文字是,“由困难中获得平易者大半深刻耐人寻味,这是铅锡与百炼钢的分别,也是袁简斋与陶渊明的分别。王介甫所说的‘看似寻常最奇崛,成如容易却艰辛’,是文章的胜境”,很显然,原文有“大半”一词;B选择项与原文的对应点虽然比较分散,但是可以分别在原文后半部分找到相关信息,它实际上是原文相关信息的整合,是对作者观点的正确概括。
【答案】
1A
2B
3B
数 学
解:(1)设过点P的切线斜率为k,方程为y-2=k(x-2),即kx-y-2k+2=0.其与圆相切则|2k-2|k2+1=1,化简得3k2-8k+3=0.所以k1•k2=1。
(2)设点P坐标为(x0,y0),过点P的切线斜率为k,则方程为y-y0=k(x-x0)即kx-y-kx0+y0=0,所以|kx0-y0|1+k2=1,化简得(x20-1)k2-2x0y0k+(y20-1)=0。
因为k1,k2存在,
则x0≠±1,且Δ=(2x0y0)2-4(x20-1)(y20-1)=4(x20+y20-1)>0,
由k1,k2是方程的两个根,得k1•k2=y20-1x20-1=-λ,化简得λx20+y20=λ+1。
即所求的曲线M的方程为λx2+y2=λ+1(x≠±1)。
若λ∈(-∞,-1),M所在圆锥曲线是焦点在x轴上的双曲线;
若λ∈(-1,0),M所在圆锥曲线是焦点在y轴上的双曲线;
若λ∈(0,1),M所在圆锥曲线是焦点在x轴上的椭圆;
若λ=1,M所在曲线是圆;
若λ∈(1,+∞),M所在圆锥曲线是焦点在y轴上的椭圆。
(3)当λ=12时,曲线M为:12x2+y2=13,
方法一——点差法:设A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2)是M上关于直线y=4x+t对称的两点,AB中点为N(x0,y0)。则12x12+y12=13,12x22+y22=13,x1+x2=2x0,y1+y2=2y0
所以12(x21-x22)+(y21-y22)=24x0(x1-x2)+2y0(y1-y2)=0,
从而kAB=y1-y2x1-x2=-12x0y0=-14,所以x0=t44,y0=1211t,因为点N(x0,y0)在曲线M内,所以12x20+y20=12t442+1211t2<13,得t的取值范围是t∈-227527579,227527579。
方法二——导数法:设AB是满足条件的弦,AB中点为N(x0,y0),由12x2+y2=13得24x+2yy′=0,所以24x0+2y0kAB=0,即kAB=-12x0y0=-14,所以x0=t44,y0=1211t,因为点N(x0,y0)在曲线M内,所以12x20+y20=12(t44)2+(1211t)2<13,得t的取值范围是t∈-227527579,227527579。
英 语
Keys:1—5 BACDB6—10 ACDAB11—15 CCDAD16—20 BBACD
解析:1由下文“他辩论道:‘从一个认定他一生的最佳选择是当老师的人身上,孩子们能学到什么?’”可以判断他想解释的是有关教育的问题。
2做老师是一个人对职业的选择。
3从下文“有能力的,去做事。没能力的,去教书”,可以判断他在提醒,并强调自己的看法。
4由上文得知他在强调自己的观点。
5“have a reputation for …”是固定词组。而且,从下文的“honesty and frankness”可以判断Mary有很好的口碑。
6从“then began…”可以判断她是在停顿之后接着说。
7从形容词的比较级harder 和 they thought they could可以得知这里应为副词ever,意为孩子们比以往任何时候都努力学习。
8该句话的意思是:我能让孩子们坐在我的课堂里40分钟都不厌烦。through一词恰恰符合“贯通始终”的含义。
9一个老师最重要的责任是启发学生对事物的好奇心。下文中的“I make them question.”也证实了这一点。
10老师的另一个重要责任是教会学生怎样做人。犯了错误要道歉,而且要诚心诚意地改正。mean it则正是此意。
11“take responsibility for…”意为“对……负责”。上文中的“让他们诚心诚意地道歉;树立尊重之心”就能判断出:老师有责任让他们学会对自己的行为负责。
12从下文“They use their Godgiven brain, not the manmade calculator.”可以判断这门学科是数学。
13只有数学学科才可能用计数器,故选择calculator一词。
14这句话的意思是:我帮助国外来的学生既学习用英语了解他们必须了解的一切,同时又保留住他们本国文化的独特性。while意为“同时”。
15下文提到:宣誓效忠于美国国旗和国家。因此,答案应为“站立”。
16上文中提到了向国旗宣誓,效忠国家,使国家不可分割;所有的国人享有自由和公正。nation是顺理成章的答案。
17上文中曾提到“They use their Godgiven brain, not the manmade calculator.” talent一词与brain是同义词。
18“利用上帝赋予的天赋,努力学习,听从心灵的呼唤”是一个孩子成功的必要条件。follow ones heart正合此意。
19从上文Money isnt everything.可以得知Mary对于那些用金钱来判断人的人采取不予理睬的态度。judge sb. by … 是固定搭配,并且符合句意。
20上文已经表明了Mary的态度,她对此类人很蔑视,用“无知”一词恰当。
责任编辑 刘 静 李婷婷 张丹凤