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目的探讨职业性铅烟尘暴露对工人血某些金属元素的影响。方法选择广西某冶炼厂55名铅作业工人作为暴露组,平均年龄为(35.0±7.3)岁;不接触铅烟尘及其他有害物质的志愿者66名作为对照组,平均年龄为(34.2±10.0)岁。测定血铅(BPb)、锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)、铁(Fe)、钙(Ca)、锰(Mn)、镁(Mg)含量。结果作业场所空气中铅烟平均浓度为0.43 mg/m3(0.05~1.65 mg/m3),铅尘平均浓度为0.44 mg/m3(0.02~1.15 mg/m3),均超过时间加权平均容许浓度。暴露组BPb、Cu、Ca、Mn含量高于对照组;400μg/L≤BPb<600μg/L组血Ca含量高于BPb<200μg/L组,200μg/L≤BPb<400μg/L组血Mn含量高于BPb<200μg/L组,差异都有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。BPb与Cu(r=0.200),Ca(r=0.224),Mn(r=0.205)呈正相关。结论铅暴露引起工人血Cu、Ca、Mn水平升高,可能会干扰体内必需元素代谢稳态,对正常的生命代谢活动产生有害的影响。
Objective To explore the effect of occupational lead dust exposure on some metal elements in workers’ blood. Methods A total of 55 lead workers in a smelter in Guangxi were selected as the exposure group, with an average age of (35.0 ± 7.3) years; 66 volunteers without exposure to lead dust and other harmful substances were used as control group, with an average age of (34.2 ± 10.0) year old. The contents of blood lead, zinc, copper, iron, calcium, manganese and magnesium were determined. Results The average concentration of lead in the air of workplace was 0.43 mg / m3 (0.05-1.65 mg / m3) and the average lead dust concentration was 0.44 mg / m3 (0.02-1.15 mg / m3), all exceeding the time weighted average allowable concentration. The levels of BPb, Cu, Ca and Mn in the exposed group were higher than those in the control group. The levels of blood calcium in 400μg / L≤BPb <600μg / L group were higher than those in BPb <200μg / L group and 200μg / L≤BPb <400μg / Higher than BPb <200μg / L group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05 or P <0.01). BPb was positively correlated with Cu (r = 0.200), Ca (r = 0.224) and Mn (r = 0.205). Conclusion Exposure of lead to elevated levels of Cu, Ca and Mn in the blood of workers may interfere with the steady-state metabolism of essential elements in the body and have a detrimental effect on normal metabolic activities.