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目的对4451例消化道癌作病理学分析，提供基本资料．方洁对本院1983／1997间手术和检查并经病理诊断为消化道癌的所有病例作统计学分析，并按癌发部位将青（＜30岁）、壮（30岁～40岁）、中老（40岁～70岁）、高年（＞70岁）组作对比分析．结果本组男女之比约2：1；年龄7岁～87岁，平均61岁；各（青～高）年龄组占3．5％，9．5％，70％，17％；食管、贲门胃、小肠、大肠各占17．1％，50．7％，0．6％，31．6％；中老年组及高年组的食管高、低分化型鳞癌、大肠高、低分化型腺癌、粘液腺癌、乳头状腺癌均较青、壮年组的发生有显著性差异（x2检验，P＜0．01，P＜0．05）．贲门部及胃病理类型相近，均以腺癌为极多，腺鳞癌及鳞癌罕见．贲门胃部低分化腺癌（占同部位79％）和印戒细胞癌（占所有同类型90％）的发生率高；其转移及残胃癌复发率（11％，8％），恶性度较高和预后差．癌前病变687例，与所有癌比为1：6．5；早期癌193例，占总数4．3％．结论普及筛查（如钡气造影、肛门指诊、内镜＋活检等）和及时的病理学确诊有助于诊治，尤其是对青壮年人消化道癌和早期癌的治疗．
Objective To analyze the pathology of 4451 cases of gastrointestinal cancer and provide basic data. Fang Jie performed a statistical analysis of all cases of surgery and examination and pathological diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancer in our hospital during 1983/1997, and according to the location of cancer, will be young (<30 years old) and strong (30 to 40 years old), Middle-aged (40-70 years old), senior (> 70 years) group for comparative analysis. Results The ratio of male to female in this group was about 2:1; aged 7 to 87 years, mean 61 years old; each (blue to high) age group accounted for 3.5%, 9.5%, 70%, 17%; esophagus, fontanelle The stomach, small intestine and large intestine accounted for 17.1%, 50.7%, 0.6%, and 31.6% respectively; high and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, high and poorly differentiated type of the esophagus in the middle-aged and old-aged groups. The incidence of adenocarcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma, and papillary adenocarcinoma was significantly different from that of the young and adult (x2 test, P<0.01, P<0.05). The cardiac and gastric pathological types are similar, with adenocarcinoma as the most common, adenosquamous carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma rare. Gastric low-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the cardia (accounting for 79% of the same site) and signet-ring cell carcinoma (accounting for 90% of all the same types) had a high incidence; the recurrence rates of metastatic and residual gastric cancer (11%, 8%) were more malignant High and poor prognosis. 687 cases of precancerous lesions, with all cancer ratio of 1:6.5; 193 cases of early cancer, accounting for 4.3% of the total. Conclusions Popular screening (such as hernia radiography, anal examination, endoscopy + biopsy, etc.) and timely pathological diagnosis are helpful for diagnosis and treatment, especially for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer and early cancer in young adults.