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材料是人类赖以生存和发展的物质基础, 材料可分为基础材料和新材料两大类。基础材料是指钢铁、有色金属、水泥与塑料等,也称为传统材料; 而新村料则为新开发的具有优异性质的材料, 是发展高新技术的基础。 一、钢铁冶金工艺技术 （一）世界钢铁冶金工艺技术发展态势 自二次大战以来, 特别是60—70年代后, 世界钢铁业界面临减少污染、提高质量、增加品种、降低能耗物耗的挑战,促使钢铁科技与工艺发生急剧的变化。 1、无焦冶金技术 即用煤和矿石直接炼铁的技术。可分为熔融还原法、直接还原法和直接炼钢法等。其中熔融还原法呼声最高。熔融还原法由于取消了炼焦工序.使环境污染大大降低,并可降低生产成本.目前已有一定的工业规模。
Materials are the material basis for the survival and development of mankind. Materials can be divided into two categories: basic materials and new materials. The basic materials are steel, non-ferrous metals, cement and plastics, also known as traditional materials; while the new village material is newly developed material with excellent properties, is the basis for the development of high technology. First, the iron and steel metallurgical technology (A) the world trend of development of iron and steel metallurgy technology Since World War II, especially after the 1960s and 1970s, the world’s steel industry is facing the challenge of reducing pollution, improving quality, increasing variety and reducing energy and material consumption, Promote dramatic changes in steel technology and technology. 1, non-coke metallurgy technology that is the direct use of coal and ore ironmaking technology. Can be divided into melting reduction method, direct reduction method and direct steelmaking method. One of the highest smelting reduction method. Melt reduction due to the elimination of the coking process. So that environmental pollution is greatly reduced, and can reduce production costs. There is already a certain industrial scale.