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第二次世界大战后,对用人造的物质补充血液的某一成份甚至全部成份,特别是为解决急性出血等情况需要的研究工作有了飞跃的发展。首先研制了多种能补充循环血浆量不足的代血浆,这是医学治疗上取得的重要成果。但动物的血液还具有其他多种功能,主要是:红血球对组织有输送和供给氧气并排出二氧化碳的功能;白血球有吞食异物的功能;血小板的止血功能;血浆给组织输送营养物质并排泄代谢产物及有免疫等其他多种功能。虽然,能全部取代血液这些功能的人造物质,估计在本世纪中不能解决。但是,世界各国除了对组织有血浆增量功能及供氧和输送功能作了研究外,对毒性小的物质也作了很多研究。本文仅对人造红血球的研究进行论述。
After World War II, there was a leap forward in the research work of replenishing some or all of the components of blood with man-made substances, especially for solving the problem of acute bleeding. First developed a variety of can supplement the lack of circulating plasma volume of generation of plasma, which is an important achievement in medical treatment. But the animal’s blood also has a variety of other functions, mainly: the function of red blood cells on the organization to transport and supply oxygen and emit carbon dioxide; white blood cells have the function of swallowing foreign body; platelet hemostatic function; plasma to the tissue delivery of nutrients and excretion of metabolites And a variety of other immune functions. Although man-made substances, which can completely replace these functions of blood, are estimated to be unsustainable in this century. However, in addition to the studies on the organization’s function of increasing blood plasma, oxygen supply and delivery, various countries have made a lot of researches on the less toxic substances. This article only discusses the research of artificial red blood cells.