1 引言遗传算法从开始提出到现在,经过众多学者经过十几年的研究、发展,已广泛地应用到各个领域。但在遗传算法应用过程中,容易发生“早熟”现象。所谓“早熟”现象是指在找到最优解或近优解之前,遗传算法的迭代过程导致主导“基因”固定的一种染色体基因的确定现象。一般地认为,导致“早熟”现象的因素有这样几个方面:①选择算子选取不合理造成基因缺陷;②交叉算子构造不理想,引起模式缺陷;③遗传算法的参数选择不科学等。为了避免“早熟”现象的产生,提高遗传算法的搜索能力,许多学者围绕以上几个方面进行了深入的探讨、研究,取得了许多有意义的成果和方法。但 1 Introduction Genetic algorithm proposed from the beginning until now, after many scholars after more than 10 years of research, development, has been widely applied to all fields. However, in the application of genetic algorithms, prone to “premature” phenomenon. The so-called “precocious” phenomenon refers to the genetic algorithm iterative process leading to the “gene” fixed before the identification of a chromosomal gene to find the optimal solution or near optimal solution. It is generally believed that the factors leading to the phenomenon of “precocious” are as follows: ① The selection operator is not reasonable to cause genetic defects; ② The crossover operator is not ideal, causing the model defects; ③ Genetic algorithm parameter selection unscientific. In order to avoid the phenomenon of “precocious” and improve the search ability of genetic algorithm, many scholars conducted in-depth exploration and research on the above aspects and made many meaningful achievements and methods. but