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目的了解孟津县肺结核病的发病情况和流行病学特征,为下一步制定和调整肺结核的预防控制策略和措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对孟津县2005-2012年肺结核发病资料进行分析。结果 2005-2012年全县共报告新发肺结核病例3 160例,2005年肺结核发病率最高,为98.67/10万,最低为2012年,发病率为63.79/10万。发病呈递减趋势,年递降率约为5.30%,其中涂阳肺结核年递降率约为6.80%。男性患者多于女性,男性占发病总数的66.80%,性别差异在45岁以上年龄组表现更为明显。发病年龄呈双峰分布,前峰幅度较小,分布在15～24岁之间;后峰幅度较大,分布在45～74岁之间。发病季节性不强;职业以农民为主,其次为离退休人员和学生等。结论 2005-2012孟津县结核病发病率呈逐年下降趋势,今后的防控工作应以农民、学生和中老年人群作为重点防控人群。
Objective To understand the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Mengjin County and provide a scientific basis for the formulation and adjustment of prevention and control strategies and measures for tuberculosis in the next step. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Mengjin County from 2005 to 2012. Results A total of 3 160 newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis cases were reported in the county during 2005-2012. The highest incidence of tuberculosis in 2005 was 98.67 / 100 000 with the lowest in 2012 and the incidence was 63.79 / 100 000. The incidence showed a decreasing trend, the annual rate of decline was about 5.30%, of which smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis rate of about 6.80% decline. More males than females, males accounted for 66.80% of the total number of onset, gender differences in the age group over the age of 45 more pronounced. The age of onset showed a bimodal distribution, the former peak amplitude is small, distributed between 15 to 24 years old; the latter peak amplitude is larger, distributed between 45 to 74 years old. Seasonal onset is not strong; occupation is dominated by peasants, followed by retirees and students. Conclusion The incidence of tuberculosis in Mengjin County from 2005 to 2012 showed a decreasing trend year by year. Future prevention and control work should focus on prevention and control of peasants, students and middle-aged and elderly people.