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由观察证明,直肠癌的发病率在消化道癌肿中占第三位(在胃癌和食道癌之后)。按其构成,直肠癌可分为扁平细胞癌和圆柱状细胞癌。扁平细胞癌为肤浅的溃疡,此种溃疡多发生在直肠的终端,并能迅速地扩展转移到肛门皮肤上;此种癌肿也能迅速地转移到鼠蹊淋巴节中。在以后的过程中,此型癌肿可经直肠各层侵入细胞中,在膀胱、前列腺、输尿管及阴道中继续生长,也可沿淋巴管和淋巴腺向较远的部位扩散。在不治疗的情况下,可沿血管转移扩展到肝、肺和骨内。
It has been observed that the incidence of rectal cancer ranks third in gastrointestinal cancers (after gastric and esophageal cancers). According to its composition, rectal cancer can be divided into flat cell carcinoma and cylindrical cell carcinoma. Flat cell carcinoma is a superficial ulcer, which occurs mostly at the terminal end of the rectum and rapidly spreads over the anal skin; this type of cancer also rapidly translates into the groin lymph nodes. In the later process, this type of cancer can invade cells through the layers of the rectum, continue to grow in the bladder, prostate, ureter and vagina, but also spread to distant sites along lymphatic vessels and lymph glands. In the absence of treatment, metastasis to the liver, lung, and bone along the vessel is possible.