反讽在现代叙事理论中占据着非常重要的地位,它在叙述事件、塑造人物形象、表达作者情感态度等方面表现出的含蓄、生动、深刻的特点与优势,使中外许多作家在作品中加以运用。卡夫卡在《变形记》中多次使用了反讽的手法,不仅使小说中的几个主要人物的形象更加生动,更让读者在整部小说在怪诞风格的背后感受到作者深层的焦虑与悲观。 Irony occupies a very important position in modern narrative theory. Its ironic, vivid and profound features and advantages in narrating events, shaping characters and expressing author’s sentiments and attitudes, make many Chinese and foreign writers use it in their works . Kafka used irony repeatedly in Metamorphosis, which not only made the image of several main characters in the novel more vivid, but also let readers feel the deep anxiety of the author in the whole novel behind the grotesque style pessimistic.