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目的根据已公开发表的随机对照研究,综合评价饮用牛奶和单纯补充钙剂对儿童身高、体重和骨骼密度增长的影响。方法采用 Meta 分析,对国内外有关儿童饮奶或补充钙剂后测量骨密度和身高及体重增长效果的随机对照研究进行定量综合分析。结果检索出从1993年到2006年间已发表的29篇相关文献,经过筛选最后收集到11篇符合本次 Meta 分析的纳入标准。评价骨密度共15项研究2205例研究对象入选。其中饮奶试验9项,单纯补充钙剂的试验6项,各项研究的方差齐性检验有统计学意义,采用 Meta 分析的随机效应模型,饮奶试验和补钙试验的干预组与对照组骨密度增长率差值的合并均值及95%可信区间分别为2.01(0.92~3.09)和1.05(0.66~1.43)。评价身高、体重共11项研究1673例研究对象入选。其中饮奶试验6项,单纯补充钙剂试验5项,各项研究的方差齐性检验有统计学意义,采用 Meta 分析的随机效应模型,饮奶试验和补钙试验的干预组与对照组的身高增长率的差值的合并均值及95%可信区间分别为0.25(0.09~0.41)和-0.10(-0.25~0.05),体重增长率差值的合并均值及95%可信区间分别为0.63(0.33~0.93)和-0.75(-1.98~0.49)。结论补充钙剂仅对儿童骨密度的增长有显著影响,饮用牛奶对儿童的身高、体重和骨密度的增长均有显著影响。
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of drinking milk and calcium alone on the growth, height and weight of children based on published published randomized controlled trials. Methods Meta-analysis was used to conduct a quantitative and comprehensive analysis of the randomized controlled studies on the effect of measuring milk density and height and weight gain after drinking or supplementing calcium in children both at home and abroad. Results A total of 29 published articles were retrieved from 1993 to 2006. After screening, 11 articles that meet the criteria of this Meta-analysis were collected. Evaluation of bone mineral density in a total of 15 study 2205 subjects selected. Among them, 9 were fed with milk and 6 were supplemented with calcium alone. The homogeneity of variance test of each study was statistically significant. The random effect model of Meta-analysis, the intervention group of drinking milk test and calcium supplement group and the control group The combined mean BMD difference and 95% confidence interval were 2.01 (0.92 to 3.09) and 1.05 (0.66 to 1.43), respectively. Evaluation of height, weight, a total of 11 studies selected 1673 subjects. Among them, 6 were drinking milk test and 5 were pure calcium supplement test. The homogeneity of variance test of each study was statistically significant. The random effects model of Meta-analysis, drinking milk test and calcium supplement intervention group and control group The mean and 95% confidence intervals for differences in height growth rates were 0.25 (0.09-0.41) and -0.10 (-0.25-0.05), respectively. The combined mean of body weight growth rate differences and 95% confidence intervals were 0.63 (0.33 ~ 0.93) and -0.75 (-1.98 ~ 0.49). Conclusion Calcium supplementation only had a significant effect on the increase of bone mineral density in children, and drinking milk had a significant effect on the height, weight and bone density of children.