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Objective:The objective of this study is to investage the effect of the Co nano-particle on male mices reproductive system. Methods:The 15 adult mice were divided into 3 groups ramdomly, low-does group、high-does group and control group, respectively,and low-dose Co nano-paticles、 high-dose Co nano-particle suspensions and saline were injected into mices knee cavity once a week for four weeks . The comet assay and micronucleus assay were used for the detection of the genotoxicity of testicular tubule epithelial cells and sperm cells. The count of sperm 、activation and malformation rate are selected for the test of sperm quality, and epididymis pathological tissue slice was observed. Results:The testis comet assay shows the high-dose groups tail is longer than the control group and low-does group , with statistically significant (P<0.05), Between the low-dose group and control group there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). Compared to control group sperm comet assay shows no statistically significant difference among them. (P>0.05).Micronucleus assay of testis shows that the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) between the high-dose group and control group ,whereas, there was no statistical significance between the low-dose group and control group (P>0.05). Micronucleus test of sperm shows that there was no statistically significant difference among low dose group、 high dose group and control group(P>0.05). There has no statistically significant difference among the other four items (P<0.05), except the high dose groups sperm BCF was slower than the control group . The pathological examination in dose group shows that testicular tubules epithelial is in disorder, leydig tissues can find a small amount of inflammatory cells infiltration. Conclusions:There are no severe toxic effect on the reproductive function of the adult rat following the injection of low Co nano-particles into the knee joint cavity .On the other hand ,the high-dose group showed genetic toxicity to tubules epithelial cells .