Nanocellulose from sugarcane bagasse was isolated by high pressure homogenization in a homogeneous media.Ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl)) pretreatment was initially involved to dissolve sugarcane bagasse cellulose.Subsequently,the homogeneous solution was passed through the high pressure homogenizer without any clogging.The nanocellulose was obtained at 80 MPa for 30 cycles with recovery of 90% under the optimum refining condition.Nanocellulose had been characterized by fourier transformed infrared spectra,X-ray diffraction,thermogravimetric analysis,rheological measurement and transmission electron microscopy techniques.The results showed that nanocellulose was 10-20 nm in diameters,and presented lower thermal stability and crystallinity.The developed nanocellulose would be a very versatile renewable material.