各种慢性肾脏疾病的发展,最终导致的肾功能衰竭有着共同的病理特征,都表现有肾小球系膜区扩大和细胞增生、肾小管间质炎症细胞浸润、肾小球毛细血管壁微小血栓形成和肾小球硬化。现认识到,肾功能损害(包括功能和形态上的损害)的发生和发展,除了感染、外科手术、急性应激状态、免疫反应和有效循环改变这些临床易于发现的促成因素外(临床上首先应处理这些问题),更多的一些在慢性 The development of a variety of chronic kidney disease, eventually leading to renal failure have a common pathological features, have shown the expansion of mesangial area and cell proliferation, tubulointerstitial inflammatory cell infiltration, glomerular capillary wall micro-thrombosis Formation and glomerulosclerosis. It is now recognized that the occurrence and development of renal impairment, including both functional and morphological impairments, in addition to the clinically detectable contributing factors of infection, surgery, acute stress, immune response, and effective circulation alterations (clinically first These problems should be dealt with), and some more in chronicity