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目的:探讨模拟高原训练中低氧和运动训练对大鼠红细胞的作用及小麦肽的干预效果。方法:雄性SD大鼠50只随机分为正常对照组(C组,n=10)、高原对照组(HC组,n=10)、常氧训练组(E组,n=10)、高原训练组(HE组,n=10)和高原训练+小麦肽组(HEW组,n=10)5组。分别给予模拟海拔3000 m高度的低氧暴露或/和90 min无负重游泳训练,每次训练后HEW组按500 mg/kg体重剂量灌服新鲜配制的小麦肽溶液。9周后检测各组大鼠血常规,红细胞SOD和GSH-Px活性,MDA含量以及血清EPO含量,并在油镜下观察各组大鼠红细胞形态和红细胞畸形率。结果:(1)长期低氧暴露使大鼠RBC数量、Hb和HCT显著升高,血清EPO含量显著降低,但对大鼠血液红细胞畸形率、MDA含量和红细胞SOD、GSH-Px活性均无显著影响。运动训练对大鼠RBC数量、Hb、HCT、血清EPO、MDA含量和红细胞SOD、GSH-Px活性均无显著影响,显著升高血液红细胞畸形率。低氧和运动训练对RBC数量、Hb和HCT均无显著交互作用,对进一步升高血液MDA含量、红细胞畸形率,降低红细胞SOD和GSH-Px活性有显著交互作用。(2)与HE组相比,HEW组RBC数量、血清EPO含量和红细胞SOD活性显著增加。血液MDA含量和红细胞畸形率显著降低,而GSH-Px活性无显著变化。结论:(1)高原训练提高大鼠RBC数量、Hb和HCT,低氧因素起决定作用。(2)在低氧环境中进行运动训练使红细胞抗氧化作用降低,氧自由基生成增加,导致红细胞畸形率显著增多,影响高原训练效果。(3)小麦肽显著抑制高原训练大鼠氧自由基生成,对减轻高原训练大鼠RBC过氧化损伤,维持RBC正常形态结构和功能有重要作用。
Objective: To investigate the effects of hypoxia and exercise training on rat erythrocytes simulated by high altitude training and the effect of wheat peptide intervention. Methods: Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group (n = 10 in group C, n = 10 in HC group, n = 10 in normoxia group) Group (HE group, n = 10) and plateau training + wheat peptide group (HEW group, n = 10). Hypoxic exposure and / or 90 min swimming training were simulated to simulate the altitude of 3000 m. After each training, the freshly prepared wheat peptide solution was administered to the HEW group at a dose of 500 mg / kg body weight. After 9 weeks, the blood routine test, the activities of erythrocyte SOD and GSH-Px, the content of MDA and the content of serum EPO were detected. The morphology of erythrocytes and erythrocyte malformation rate of rats in each group were observed with oil microscope. Results: (1) RBC number, Hb and HCT, serum EPO content were significantly decreased in long-term hypoxia exposure, but there was no significant difference in erythrocyte malformation rate, MDA content and erythrocyte SOD, GSH-Px influences. Exercise training had no significant effect on the number of RBCs, Hb, HCT, serum EPO, MDA content and SOD, GSH-Px activity of erythrocytes, and significantly increased the rate of erythrocyte deformity. Hypoxia and exercise training had no significant interaction on the number of RBCs, Hb and HCT, and had a significant interaction on further increase of blood MDA content, erythrocyte malformation rate and decrease of SOD and GSH-Px activity of erythrocytes. (2) Compared with HE group, the number of RBCs, serum EPO content and erythrocyte SOD activity in HEW group increased significantly. Blood MDA levels and erythrocyte malformation rate decreased significantly, while no significant changes in GSH-Px activity. Conclusion: (1) Altitude training can improve the number of RBC, Hb and HCT, hypoxia factors play a decisive role. (2) Exercise training in hypoxia reduced the anti-oxidative effect of erythrocytes and the generation of oxygen free radicals, resulting in a significant increase of erythrocyte deformity and the effect of altitude training. (3) Wheat peptide significantly inhibited the production of oxygen free radicals in plateau-trained rats and played an important role in alleviating the injury of RBC peroxidation and maintaining the normal morphology and function of RBC in plateau-trained rats.