论文部分内容阅读
本文叙述了用秋水仙碱引变熏衣草多倍体的方法,并对人工获得的四倍体熏衣草(2n=88)和对照的二倍体熏衣草(2n=44)进行了形态、生物学特性和细胞胚胎学的比较研究。 四倍体熏衣草的各个器官都发生了巨大型的变异:茎粗、叶片大小和厚度,花冠和花萼、花粉粒、种子都比二倍体大,但是分枝数、叶量、花穗数都比二倍体减少。 四倍体熏衣草始花年龄比二倍体熏衣草晚一年。开花期晚1-5天,一朵花开花持续时间比二倍体延长1-2天。四倍体熏衣草的花柱比二倍体的短,成熟时间也晚,结实率约为二倍体的一半,四倍体熏衣草的抗寒力比二倍体弱。 二倍体熏衣草结实率低,主要是由于授粉后3-4天时,每朵花中有1/2-3/4的胚珠在形成6-10余个细胞的胚乳阶段退化所造成。四倍体熏衣草的结实率更低。除以上原因外,柱头成熟过迟和花柱过短,影响正常授粉过程,是构成四倍体熏衣草结实率更低的主要原因。另外,四倍体熏衣草的种子普遍不饱满,空壳率高(占52.2％)。
This paper describes a method of using the colchicine to induce lappocellula polyploidy. Artificial tetraploid lavender (2n = 88) and control diploid lavender (2n = 44) Morphological, biological characteristics and comparative study of embryology. All organs of the tetraploid lavender have undergone tremendous variation: stem diameter, leaf size and thickness, corolla and calyx, pollen grains, seeds are larger than the diploid, but the number of branches, the amount of leaves, spikes Numbers are less than diploid. Tetraploid lavender began to blossom later than diploid lavender. 1-5 days after anthesis, the flowering duration of one flower is 1-2 days longer than diploid. Tetraploid lavender style shorter than the diploid, maturation time is late, the seed setting rate of about half of diploid, tetraploid lavender cold hardiness than diploid. The low seed setting rate of diploid lavender is mainly due to the degeneration of 1 / 2-3 / 4 ovules in each flower during the endosperm phase forming more than 6-10 cells at 3-4 days after pollination. Tetraploid lavender has a lower seed setting rate. In addition to the above reasons, too late stigma and style too short, affecting the normal pollination process, constitute tetraploid lavender seed setting rate lower main reason. In addition, the seeds of tetraploid lavender generally not full, shell rate is high (52.2%).