(一)在市场经济体制下,市场机制具有配置资源的功能,这只“看不见的手”的配置资源的功能,早在18世纪就被亚当·斯密所揭示。但他没有证明这种配置的完全有效性,自1776年以来,以没有任何一位经济学家给予证明。相反,后人发现市场机制不是万能的,它配置资源时在某些方面并不尽如人意,有时甚至无效,常会出现市场机制转移资源能力不足的问题,即市场失灵。市场失灵产生于三种情况:第一,提供我们日常 (1) Under the market economy system, the market mechanism has the function of allocating resources. The function of allocating resources to “invisible hands” was first revealed by Adam Smith in the 18th century. However, he did not prove the full validity of such a configuration, since 1776, with no proof from any economist. On the contrary, the descendants find that the market mechanism is not a panacea. When it allocates resources, it is not satisfactory in some aspects and sometimes is ineffective. The market mechanism often lacks the ability to transfer resources, that is, market failure. Market failure comes from three situations: first, to provide us daily