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摘 要: 现如今人民生活水平不断提高,巧克力的消费呈现数量的增长,同时食品个性化定制需求旺盛。3D打印技术的成熟和灵活性正符合满足个性化的需求。食品3D打印技术应用于巧克力定制这一领域,其融化与成型处理尤为关键。文章针对巧克力这种食品材料进行分析,确定巧克力打印成型的最佳条件;选取带有加热环的喷头作为热源,打印机左右两侧加装的半导体制冷器作为冷源;通过Fluent软件对3D打印机的喷头和打印机成型室进行建模分析,确定了适合巧克力3D打印的加热设备的有效发热功率为5W;在其基础上匹配半导体制冷系统的有效制冷功率为12W较为合理。在理论的基础上进行巧克力3D打印对比实验,与仿真结果相一致。
关键词: 食品3D打印技术;半导体制冷;数值模拟;Fluent;巧克力
中图分类号: TH122 文献标识码: A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6970.2020.01.008
本文著录格式:何芃,郭韵,欧阳叶郁,等. 基于巧克FDM力工艺的3D打印技术的研究[J]. 软件,2020,41(01):3641
【Abstract】: Nowadays, people's living standards are constantly improving, the consumption of chocolate is increasing, and the demand for personalized food is strong. The maturity and flexibility of 3D printing technology is in line with the individual needs.Food 3D printing technology is applied to the field of chocolate customization, and its melting and forming process is particularly critical. The article analyzes the food material of chocolate to determine the best conditions for chocolate printing; selects the nozzle with heating ring as the heat source, the semiconductor refrigerator on the left and right sides of the printer as the cold source; the nozzle of the 3D printer through Fluent software and The modeling and analysis of the printer molding room determined that the effective heating power of the heating device suitable for chocolate 3D printing is 5W; it is reasonable to match the effective cooling power of the semiconductor refrigeration system to 12W. The chocolate 3D printing contrast experiment was carried out on the basis of theoretical simulation, which was consistent with the simulation results.
【Key words】: Food 3D printing technology; Semiconductor refrigeration; Numerical simulation; Fluent; Chocolate
0 引言
食品3D打印机的问世,解决了人们对食品领域个性化定制的需求,具备数字化的精准性与可复制性等优点,并且可以为一些特殊人群带来便利[1],3D打印机目前在食品方面已有應用。而节能减排和能源的高效利用是国家和社会发展的方向,包括食品在内的各个行业都有责任和义务提高能源的利用效率。Fluent作为目前最先进的有限元分析软件,对技术方案的制定和模型参数的优化起到至关重要的作用。文章就基于Fluent软件对巧克力的FDM 3D打印成型条件及较为优化的模型展开研究。
FDM即熔融沉积,将材料预热加热至半流体状态,预先在电脑上或打印机支持的软件上进行模型的分层,确定每一层的二维信息[2]。再经过喷嘴移动、挤出材料,层层固化,最终形成模型。FDM快速成型技术的过程:设计三维CAD模型、CAD模型的近似处理、对STL文件进行分层处理、造型、后处理[3]。
巧克力是食品3D打印一种较理想的材料,在常压下,通过加热手段易于达到其熔化的温度。FDM 3D打印制造成本低,易于实现,以巧克力作为打印原料,具备室内研究条件、良好的研究价值和良好的市场推广应用价值。
1 巧克力材料特性
依照温度与巧克力的特性的关系,其温度越高,越易挤出;温度越低,冷却时间越短,越容易堵塞喷头[4]。经过打印的巧克力已经被加热成熔融状态,打印机箱体内的温度需要满足巧克力落地后凝固的需求。巧克力需要进行加热才能打印出来,对加热设备要作出分析研究;喷头打印出的巧克力需要使用制冷设备使其快速冷却固化,因此制冷设备应放置于整个箱体的靠底层位置,制冷设备功率应足够以冷却箱体内空气温度到需求温度。
关键词: 食品3D打印技术;半导体制冷;数值模拟;Fluent;巧克力
中图分类号: TH122 文献标识码: A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6970.2020.01.008
本文著录格式:何芃,郭韵,欧阳叶郁,等. 基于巧克FDM力工艺的3D打印技术的研究[J]. 软件,2020,41(01):3641
【Abstract】: Nowadays, people's living standards are constantly improving, the consumption of chocolate is increasing, and the demand for personalized food is strong. The maturity and flexibility of 3D printing technology is in line with the individual needs.Food 3D printing technology is applied to the field of chocolate customization, and its melting and forming process is particularly critical. The article analyzes the food material of chocolate to determine the best conditions for chocolate printing; selects the nozzle with heating ring as the heat source, the semiconductor refrigerator on the left and right sides of the printer as the cold source; the nozzle of the 3D printer through Fluent software and The modeling and analysis of the printer molding room determined that the effective heating power of the heating device suitable for chocolate 3D printing is 5W; it is reasonable to match the effective cooling power of the semiconductor refrigeration system to 12W. The chocolate 3D printing contrast experiment was carried out on the basis of theoretical simulation, which was consistent with the simulation results.
【Key words】: Food 3D printing technology; Semiconductor refrigeration; Numerical simulation; Fluent; Chocolate
0 引言
食品3D打印机的问世,解决了人们对食品领域个性化定制的需求,具备数字化的精准性与可复制性等优点,并且可以为一些特殊人群带来便利[1],3D打印机目前在食品方面已有應用。而节能减排和能源的高效利用是国家和社会发展的方向,包括食品在内的各个行业都有责任和义务提高能源的利用效率。Fluent作为目前最先进的有限元分析软件,对技术方案的制定和模型参数的优化起到至关重要的作用。文章就基于Fluent软件对巧克力的FDM 3D打印成型条件及较为优化的模型展开研究。
FDM即熔融沉积,将材料预热加热至半流体状态,预先在电脑上或打印机支持的软件上进行模型的分层,确定每一层的二维信息[2]。再经过喷嘴移动、挤出材料,层层固化,最终形成模型。FDM快速成型技术的过程:设计三维CAD模型、CAD模型的近似处理、对STL文件进行分层处理、造型、后处理[3]。
巧克力是食品3D打印一种较理想的材料,在常压下,通过加热手段易于达到其熔化的温度。FDM 3D打印制造成本低,易于实现,以巧克力作为打印原料,具备室内研究条件、良好的研究价值和良好的市场推广应用价值。
1 巧克力材料特性
依照温度与巧克力的特性的关系,其温度越高,越易挤出;温度越低,冷却时间越短,越容易堵塞喷头[4]。经过打印的巧克力已经被加热成熔融状态,打印机箱体内的温度需要满足巧克力落地后凝固的需求。巧克力需要进行加热才能打印出来,对加热设备要作出分析研究;喷头打印出的巧克力需要使用制冷设备使其快速冷却固化,因此制冷设备应放置于整个箱体的靠底层位置,制冷设备功率应足够以冷却箱体内空气温度到需求温度。