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有这样一组数据,中国农药年产量80万~100万t,农药的使用率仅为20%~40%,损失率60%~80%,而国外农药利用率超过70%。由于农药的施用通常采用喷雾的方式,农药中的有机溶剂和部分农药漂浮在空气中,污染大气;农田被雨水冲刷,农药则进入江河,进而污染海洋。这样,农药就由气流和水流带到世界各地,残留土壤中的农药则可通过渗透作用到达地层深处,从而污染地下水。
With such a set of data, the annual output of pesticides in China is between 800,000 and 1,000,000 tons. The use rate of pesticides is only 20% -40%, the loss rate is 60% -80%, while that of foreign pesticides is more than 70%. Due to the pesticide application, the spraying method is usually adopted. Organic solvents and some pesticides in the pesticide float in the air and pollute the atmosphere. The farmland is washed by the rain and the pesticides enter the river and pollute the sea. In this way, pesticides are carried by air currents and currents to the rest of the world. Pesticides from the remaining soil can penetrate deep into the formation to pollute the groundwater.