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中国古代社会在救灾过程中就已经形成了一整套有效的自然灾害生活救助措施和方法。但在救助标准制定问题上,中国从古至今鲜有相关理论进行探讨。从古代社会至今中国历朝历代都对自然灾害采取种种生活救助措施并有一定的救助标准。总体看来,这些救助措施和标准之间有较强的相似性。古代至民国时期的官府自然灾害生活救助款物也会按照一定标准发放,但是很少有关于标准的制度性的规定。计划经济时期由于经济困难和自然灾害频繁等原因,自然灾害的生活救助主要是尽量避免饿死人的物质分配。与计划经济相适应,当时在巨灾面前还采取过实物供应制发放救灾物质。改革开放以后,国家在中央层面制定了全国统一的自然灾害生活救助标准,但是这些标准主要是基于实践经验的总结,而缺少科学的标准制定方法和论证。
In the process of disaster relief, ancient Chinese society has formed a set of effective measures and methods for rescuing life in natural disasters. However, on the issue of formulating aid standards, there are few relevant theories in ancient China so far. From the ancient society up to now, the Chinese dynasties dynasties have taken all kinds of life-saving measures for natural disasters and have certain relief standards. Overall, there is a strong similarity between these bailouts and standards. Officials from the ancient period to the Republic of China natural disasters life aid money will be issued according to a certain standard, but few on the standard institutional provisions. Due to the economic difficulties and frequent natural disasters in the planned economy period, the life aid of natural disasters is mainly to try to avoid the material distribution of starving people. In line with the planned economy, at that time, a material supply system was also adopted to release relief materials before the catastrophe. Since the reform and opening up, the state has formulated a unified national standard for disaster relief for life at the central level. However, these standards are mainly based on the summary of practical experience, but lack scientific methods and arguments for standard-setting.